Fizikalni principi medicinske primjene gama noža

master's thesis

• Title (english): Physical principles of gamma knife
• Author: Mislav Mikuš
• Mentor: Sanja Dolanski-Babić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ozren Gamulin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Šerman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Dolanski-Babić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physics and Biophysics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Radiology

Abstract

Gama nož je otprilike 18 tona težak uređaj koji ima kao izvor gama zračenja kobalt-60. S vremenom se tehnički usavršava i početkom 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u kliničku uporabu ulazi model s 201 fotonskim snopom raspoređenim u polusferni prsten omogućavajući dobivanje više izocentričnih raspodjela apsorbirane doze za koje je svojstvena visoka geometrijska prilagođenost raspodjele doze tumoru te visoki gradijent doze. Predstavlja revolucionarno otkriće u području medicine i postavlja temelj razvoja stereotaktičke radiokirurgije. Riječ je o metodi prostornog navođenja snopova ionizirajućeg zračenja pomoću metalnog stereotaktičkog okvira radi precizne terapije malih, patoloških procesa unutar lubanje. Gama nož se danas uspješno upotrebljava kod raznih intrakranijalnih indikacija kao što su tumori hipofize (dobroćudni i zloćudni), meningeomi, liječenja arteriovenskih malformacija (AVM) i trigeminalne neuralgije. Radiokirurški principi kakve poznajemo još iz prošlog stoljeća, danas su prošireni i na ekstrakranijalne indikacije kao što su pluća, leđna moždina i tumori jetre. Neinvazivnost, odlični rezultati u kontroli rasta tumora i izlječenja uz smanjen broj dana hospitalizacije bolesnika u odnosu na druge terapijske modalitete, daje gama nožu sve veću prednost i mjesto u kliničkoj praksi.

Abstract (english)

Gamma knife is approximately 18-ton machine that use gamma emitter cobalt-60 as a source. Over time, gamma knife was technically perfected and in early 80’s in clinical use enters the model with 201 photon beam arranged in a hemispheric ring which allows getting more isocentric distribution of absorbed dose that is characteristic of high geometric adjustment of dose distribution and high tumor dose gradient. It represents a breakthrough in the medical field and sets the basis for the development of stereotactic radiosurgery. This is a method of physical guidance beams of ionizing radiation by using a metal stereotactic frame, in order to cure small, pathological processes within the skull. Gamma knife has been successfully used for various intracranial indications such as pituitary tumors (benign and malignant), meningiomas, treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and trigeminal neuralgia. Radiosurgical principles of what we know from the last century, are now extended to extracranial indications such as lung, spinal cord and liver tumors. Its noninvasiveness, excellent results in controlling tumor growth and healing with a reduced patient’s number of days of hospitalization over other therapeutic modalities, gives the gamma knife advantage and increasing rate of usage in the clinical practice.

• Keywords: gama nož; stereotaktička radiokirurgija
• Keywords (english): gamma-knife; stereotactic radiosurgery
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:562325
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-06-28 12:14:57