Izbor intraokularne leće kod operacije katarakte

master's thesis

• Title (english): Choice of Intraocular lens in cataract surgery
• Author: Sebastijan Feratović
• Mentor: Miro Kalauz (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Rajko Kordić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Miro Kalauz (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Ophthalmology

Abstract

Suvremena operacija katarakte cilja na vid bez naočala. Fakoemulzifikacija je najčešće korištena metoda. Ovaj postupak koristi ultrazvučnu energiju za emulgiranje zamućene leće. Nakon toga se korteks, koji je mekan vanjski sloj katarakte, aspirira zajedno s emulziranim dijelovima. Zatim se umjetna leća implantira u kapsularnu vrećicu koja je nekada sadržavala prirodnu leću. Vrste IOL-a (intraokularne leće) uključuju monofokalne, multifokalne, akomodacijske i torične leće. Monofokalne leće su korištene desetljećima. Monofokalne leće su napravljene tako da pružaju najbolji mogući korigirani vid pri blizini, srednjoj ili velikoj udaljenosti. Većina ljudi koji odabiru monofokalnu leću imaju svoje IOL-ove postavljene za vid na daljinu i koriste naočale za čitanje za vid na blizu. Noviji IOL-ovi nazivaju se multifokalne leće te mogu omogućiti pacijentima da zadovoljavajuće vide na blizu i daleko te time mogu smanjiti ili ukloniti potrebu za naočalama ili kontaktnim lećama. Takve leće su skuplje i nisu najbolji izbor za osobe koje često voze tijekom noći jer imaju nuspojave poput blještanja, halo efekta oko svjetala ili smanjene oštrine vida (također poznate kao kontrastna osjetljivost). Kod astigmatizma rožnica nije okrugla i glatka već je zakrivljena poput limuna. To narušava ili zamagljuje sposobnost da se vide dobro bliski i udaljenih objekti. Osobe s većim stupnjem astigmatizma najčešće su zadovoljne toričnim lećama koje mogu ispraviti zakrivljenost. Izbor odgovarajuće leće ovisi o trenutnom zdravlju pacijenta, ima li kakav poseban komorbiditet poput dijabetesa i o pacijentovim očekivanjima.

Abstract (english)

Modern day cataract surgery aims at a spectacle free vision. Phacoemulsification is the most widely used method. This procedure uses ultrasonic energy to emulsify the cataract lens. After that the cortex, which is the soft outer layer of the cataract is being aspirated along with the emulsified parts. Then the lens is inserted into the capsular bag that formerly contained the natural lens. Types of IOLs (intraocular lenses) include monofocal, multifocal, accommodative and toric lenses. Monofocal lenses have been used for decades. Monofocals are set to provide the best possible, corrected vision at near, intermediate or far distances. Most people who choose monofocals have their IOLs set for distance vision and use reading glasses for near activities. Newer IOLs called multifocal or accommodative lenses may enable wearers to see both near and distant objects. Meanwhile, they can also reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. But, these lenses are much more expensive and they are not the best choice for people who frequently drive during the night since they have side effects such as glare or halos around lights, or decreased sharpness of vision (also known as contrast sensitivity). With astigmatism, the cornea is not round and smooth, but instead is curved like a lemon. This distorts or blurs the ability to see both near and distant objects. People with significant degrees of astigmatism are usually most satisfied with toric lenses, which can correct that curvature. The choice of the correct lense depends on the current health of the patient, does he have any specific comorbidity like diabetes and his expectations of the outcome.

• Keywords: katarakta; intraokularne leće; astigmatizam; dijabetes
• Keywords (english): cataract; intraocular lenses; astigmatism; diabetes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:988132
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-12-07 08:52:46