Perfekcionizam, od epigenetike do psihoterapije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Perfectionism, from epigenetics to psychotherapy
• Author: Antonija Krpan
• Mentor: Darko Marčinko (mentor)
• Committee member: Marina Šagud (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Šerman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Marčinko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Psychiatry

Abstract

Perfekcionizam, potreba da se bude ili prikaže savršenim, višedimenzionalna je crta ličnosti koja ima pozitivne i negativne strane. Zdravi ili adaptivni perfekcionizam povezan je s uspjehom i postignućima. Takvi su ljudi radišni, organizirani i disciplinirani. Postavljaju visoke ali racionalne ciljeve i uživaju u svojim postignućima. Međutim, perfekcionizam može biti i disfunkcionalan i maladaptivan kada je prisutna izrazita težnja dostizanja nerealnih standarda te pretjerani strah od pogreške i neuspjeha. Ovaj oblik perfekcionizma uzrokuje probleme u međuljudskim odnosima te je povezan s ozbiljnom psihopatologijom, kao što su
anksiozni i depresivni poremećaji, poremećaji hranjenja, poremećaji ličnosti, opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj te samoozljeđivanje i suicidalno ponašanje. Perfekcionizam je česta karakteristika osoba oboljelih od poremećaja hranjenja. Najčešće se anoreksija i bulimija nervoza pojavljuju u adolescenciji kao neuspjela prilagodba mlade osobe na zahtjeve koje donosi odrastanje. Etiopatogeneza nije u potpunosti razjašnjena, a uključuje biološke, psihološke i sociokulturne faktore. Liječenje ovih poremećaja vrlo je kompleksno jer osim psihoterapije uključuje i zbrinjavanje ozbiljnih tjelesnih posljedica bolesti. Osim što stvara predispoziciju za razvoj bolesti, perfekcionizam stvara teškoće u psihoterapiji i negativno utječe na njezin ishod.
Sram i krivnja negativne su emocije koje se pojavljuju kao rezultat neispunjavanja standarda koje nameće perfekcionizam. Sram
je teško verbalizirati pa može ostati potisnut i neprepoznat. Zbog paralizirajućeg djelovanja ometa slobodno mišljenje i komunikaciju te onemogućava kvalitetan terapijski savez, stoga je njegovo smanjivanje bitan terapijski cilj i prediktor uspješnosti terapije.

Abstract (english)

Perfectionism, a need to be or appear perfect, is a multidimensional characteristic. It can be healthy or adaptive which is
associated with achievements and happiness. Healthy perfectionists are high achievers, hard workers, organized and disciplined. But they also have realistic goals and get satisfaction from their work. Perfectionism can also be dysfunctional
and maladaptive when it is associated with unrealistic goals and extreme fear of failure and mistakes. This form of perfectionism causes interpersonal problems and severe psychopathologies, such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, self-harm, and suicide. Perfectionism is a common characteristic of patients with eating disorders. Anorexia and bulimia nervosa most often occur in adolescence when a young person has trouble adjusting to requests of grooving up. Etiopathogenesis is not entirely clear, but include biological, psychological, and social factors. Therapy of these disorders is very complex because of the severe psychical consequences of the disease. Perfectionism can lead to eating disorders, interfere with therapy, and cause negative outcomes. Guilt and shame are negative emotions that appear as a discrepancy between perfectionistic expectations and reality. Shame is hard to verbalize and can stay hidden and unrecognized. It has a paralyzing effect on cognition and behavior and negatively affects communication which is basic for successful therapy. So addressing and curing shame is an important goal in therapy.

• Keywords: perfekcionizam; poremećaji hranjenja; opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj; sram
• Keywords (english): perfectionism; eating disorders; personality disorders; obsessive-compulsive disorder; shame
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:714227
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-26 11:33:08