Nutritivni pristup oboljelima od celijakije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Nutritional approach to the patients with celiac disease
• Author: Nika Mikelin
• Mentor: Irena Senečić-Čala (mentor)
• Committee member: Duška Tješić-Drinković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Irena Senečić-Čala (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Ingestija glutena, skladišnog proteina zrna pšenice, ječma i raži, u genetski sklonih osoba aktivira imunološki odgovor i time oštećuje sluznicu tankog crijeva i uzrokujući celijakiju. Oštećena sluznica dovodi do neodgovarajuće apsorpcije nutrijenata čija je
posljedica anemija, osteopenija i krajnje osteoporoza. Tvornički prerađena hrana bez glutena kalorična je i visokog je glikemijskog indeksa. Osim toga, bogata je zasićenim masnim kiselinama. Prema tome, smatra se da navedena hrana povećava rizik razvoja metaboličkog sindroma i kardiovaskularnih bolesti, no ipak o toj temi potrebna su daljnja istraživanja. Pseudožitarice i čista zob, zbog visokog udjela vlakana, a koja protektivno djeluju na kardiovaskularni sustav, smatraju se jednom od vodećih namirnica bezglutenske dijete. Također, hrana bez glutena može uzrokovati manjak određenih mikronutrijenata (vitamina B skupine, željeza, kalcija, vitamina D, cinka) zbog čega je potrebno osigurati raznovrsnu hranu koja ih može nadomjestiti. Unatoč nedostacima, doživotna bezglutenska dijeta nužan je i jedini primjeren način liječenja. Dovodi do regresija simptoma i oporavka sluznice crijeva, a time i apsorpcije fundamentalnih nutrijenata. Potrebno je redovno kontrolirati bolesnika kako bi se pravovremeno otkrila deficijencija pojedinih nutrijenata i prevenirao razvoj bolesti. Radi toga, nutricionist mora biti neizostavan dio tima za liječenje oboljelih od celijakije.

Abstract (english)

Ingestion of gluten, a storage protein of wheat, barley and rye grains, in genetically predisposed individuals activates the immune response and thereby damages the mucosa of the small intestine causing celiac disease. Damaged mucosa leads to inadequate nutrient absorption resulting in anemia, osteopenia, and ultimately osteoporosis. Processed gluten-free food is caloric and has a high glycemic index. In addition, it is rich in saturated fatty acids. Therefore, it is believed that these foods increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, but further research is needed on this topic. Pseudocereals and pure oats, due to their high fiber content, which have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, are considered to be one of the leading foods in a gluten-free diet. Also, gluten-free foods can cause deficiency of certain micronutrients (B vitamins, iron, calcium, vitamin D, zinc) which is why it is necessary to provide a variety of foods that can replace them. Despite its drawbacks, a lifelong gluten-free diet is a necessary and only appropriate treatment. It leads to regression of symptoms and recovery of the intestinal mucosa, and thus the absorption of fundamental nutrients. It is necessary to regularly monitor patient in order to detect a deficiency of certain nutrients in a timely manner and to prevent the development of the disease. Cause of this, the nutritionist must be an indispensable part of the celiac disease treatment team.

• Keywords: bezglutenska dijeta; celijakija; nutrijenti
• Keywords (english): gluteen-free diet; celiac disease; nutrients
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:740478
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-04-22 07:02:57