Održavanje dišnog puta u anesteziranog pacijenta i osoba u hitnim stanjima

master's thesis

• Title (english): Airway management in anesthetized patients and individuals in emergencies
• Author: Karla Lakobrija
• Mentor: Dinko Tonković (mentor)
• Committee member: Slobodan Mihaljević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Daniela Bandić Pavlović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinko Tonković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care in Surgical Specialities); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Anesthesiology and Reanimatology

Abstract

Pojam održavanja dišnog puta uključuje osnovne tehnike i vještine potrebne za održavanje prohodnosti dišnog puta, osiguravanje oksigenacije i omogućavanje ventilacije.
Učinkovito upravljanje dišnim putem započinje temeljitim razumijevanjem anatomije dišnog puta. Sposobnost točne procjene dišnog puta pomoću specifičnih pretraga vitalna je za formuliranje strategije upravljanja otežanim dišnim putem.
Osnovne tehnike otvaranja dišnog puta poput zabacivanja glave, podizanja brade te potiskivanja donje čeljusti prema naprijed, temeljne su vještine koje medicinski djelatnici moraju svladati. Upotreba orofaringealnih i nazofaringealnih airway-a bitna je za održavanje prohodnosti dišnog puta, posebno kod pacijenata sa smanjenom sviješću. Ventilacija maskom zahtijeva pravilnu tehniku kako bi se prevladali povezani izazovi i osigurala adekvatna ventilacija.
Razvoj i upotreba supraglotičkih pomagala, uključujući uređaje prve i druge generacije, proširili su mogućnosti za upravljanje teškim dišnim putevima. Laringoskopija, direktna ili indirektna, ostaje ključna metoda za vizualizaciju dišnog puta i izvođenje endotrahealne intubacije. Bronhoskopija je metoda izbora pri uklanjanju stranog tijela iz dišnih puteva.
Endotrahealna intubacija najefikasnija je metoda i zlatni standard u održavanju dišnog puta te je detaljno opisana, naglašavajući važnost pravilne tehnike i opreme.
U situacijama kada konvencionalne metode zakažu, kirurške tehnike održavanja dišnog puta, poput krikotiroidotomije i traheotomije, spasilačke su intervencije.
Učinkovito upravljanje dišnim putovima je vještina koja spašava živote i osigurava najviše standarde skrbi, što u konačnici poboljšava ishode pacijenata kako u rutinskim tako i u hitnim situacijama.

Abstract (english)

The concept of airway management includes basic techniques and skills necessary to maintain airway patency, ensure oxygenation, and enable ventilation.
Effective airway management begins with a thorough understanding of airway anatomy. The ability to accurately assess the airway using specific assessments is crucial for formulating a strategy to manage compromised airways. Fundamental techniques for opening the airway, such as head tilt/chin lift and jaw thrust maneuver, are essential skills that medical workers must master. The use of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways is critical for maintaining airway patency, especially in patients with decreased consciousness. Mask ventilation requires proper technique to overcome associated challenges and ensure adequate ventilation. The development and use of supraglottic airway devices, including first and second-generation devices, have expanded the options for managing difficult airways. Laryngoscopy, whether direct or indirect, remains a key method for visualizing the airway and performing endotracheal intubation. Bronchoscopy is the preferred method for removing foreign bodies from the airways. Endotracheal intubation is the most effective method and gold standard for airway management, extensively described with emphasis on the importance of proper technique and equipment. In situations where conventional methods fail, surgical airway management techniques such as cricothyroidotomy and tracheotomy are life-saving interventions.
Effective airway management is a life-saving skill that ensures the highest standards of care, ultimately improving patient outcomes in both routine and emergencies.

• Keywords: održavanje dišnog puta; supraglotička pomagala; laringoskopija; endotrahealna intubacija
• Keywords (english): airway management; supraglottic airway devices; laryngoscopy; endotracheal intubation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:757957
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-02 21:38:06