| Abstract | Sideropenična anemija ili anemija uzrokovana manjkom željeza najčešća je vrsta anemije na svijetu te predstavlja važan javnozdravstveni problem. Morfološki je ta vrsta anemije najčešće mikrocitna i hipokromna. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji anemija je određena kao vrijednost koncentracije hemoglobina (Hb) u krvi < 130 g/L za muškarce, < 120 g/L za žene i < 110 g/L za trudnice. Sideropeničnu anemiju razvijaju djeca, adolescenti, žene u reproduktivnoj dobi, trudnice, ali i stariji ljudi kod kojih ova anemija može biti manifestacija teške bolesti. Najčešći uzroci sideropenične anemije uključuju povećane potrebe organizma za željezom, premalen unos željeza prehranom, smanjenu apsorpciju u probavnom sustavu, kronični gubitak krvi te razne ostale uzroke. Simptomi zbog kojih se bolesnici javljaju liječniku su raznovrsni, poput umora, otežanog podnošenja fizičkih napora, nedostatka zraka, snižene koncentracije, ispadanja kose, lomljivosti noktiju te nepodnošenja hladnoće. Osim na anamnezi i kliničkom statusu, dijagnostika sideropenične anemije temelji se na laboratorijskim nalazima, od kojih su za potvrdu u pravilu dovoljni Hb, MCV, serumsko željezo, serumski feritin, zasićenje transferina i TIBC. Liječenje sideropenične anemije temelji se na nadoknadi željeza, ali i na traženju i otklanjanju uzroka koji je doveo do sideropenije, odnosno anemije. Željezo se može nadoknađivati peroralnim i parenteralnim pripravcima. Vrlo rijetko je u liječenju sideropenične anemije potrebna i transfuzija koncentrata eritrocita. U liječenju sideropenične anemije osim liječnika obiteljske medicine sudjeluju i liječnici drugih specijalnosti, ovisno o tome u kojem nas smjeru bolesnikovi simptomi navode. |
| Abstract (english) | Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in the world and represents an important public health problem. Morphologically, this type of anemia is usually microcytic and hypochromic. According to the World Health Organization, anemia is defined as a value of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the blood < 130 g/L for men, < 120 g/L for women and < 110 g/L for pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia develops in children, adolescents, women of reproductive age, pregnant women, but also in older people, in whom this anemia can be a manifestation of a serious disease. The most common causes of iron deficiency anemia include increased body needs for iron, low dietary iron intake, reduced absorption in the digestive system, chronic blood loss and various other causes. The symptoms for which patients come to the doctor are diverse, such as fatigue, difficulty with physical exertion, shortness of breath, reduced concentration, hair loss, brittle nails and intolerance to cold. In addition to history and clinical status, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is based on laboratory findings, of which Hb, MCV, serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and TIBC are usually sufficient for confirmation. The treatment of iron deficiency anemia is based on iron replacement, but also on the search and elimination of the cause that led to iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. Iron can be supplemented with oral and parenteral preparations. Very rarely, in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, a transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates is also required. In addition to family medicine doctors, doctors from other specialties also participate in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, depending on the direction in which the patient's symptoms lead us. |
