Alternativne analitičke metode u patologiji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Alternative analytical methods in pathology
• Author: Lukrecija Anzić
• Mentor: Ana Šepac (mentor)
• Committee member: Sven Seiwerth (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lovorka Batelja Vuletić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Šepac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pathology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pathology

Abstract

Patologija je morfološka znanost koja proučava bolesti. Usmjerena je na utvrđivanje uzroka i
patofiziološkog mehanizma bolesti radi boljeg razumijevanja kliničke slike i pravovremene primjene
najbolje terapije. U dijagnostičkoj patologiji glavnu ulogu imaju laboratorijske metode. Uvriježena
patohistološka analiza preparata pod svjetlosnim mikroskopom najčešće se primjenjuje, no kao i sve
ostale metode nosi svoje prednosti i mane. Napretkom tehnologije nastale su brojne alternativne metode
za tkivnu analizu koje bi mogle postati nadopuna onim uvriježenim. Veliki potencijal pokazuje masena
spektrometrija koja prepoznaje molekule na temelju omjera njihovih svojstava; mase i naboja (m/z) u
složenoj kemijskoj reakciji. Pogodna je za identificiranje lipida i proteina u bolestima, a jedna od
prednosti je što je za analizu dostatan jedan tkivni rez. Mikroskopija atomskih sila je visokorezolucijska
metoda koja na principu privlačnih ili odbojnih sila između vrha sonde i površine preparata daje
informacije o ranim promjenama u elastičnosti tkiva, staničnoj adheziji i topografskom izgledu preparata.
Može se koristiti za ispitivanje tumorskog mikrookoliša. Ramanova spektroskopija je prva od tri obrađene
spektroskopije koja podatke o molekulama dobiva na temelju neelastičnog raspršenja fotona. Pogodna je
za razlikovanje apoptoze i nekroze te utvrđivanje hipoksije. Laserska spektroskopija dobiva informacije o
koncentraciji kemijskih spojeva i molekula čak i u debljim tkivima jer se temelji na principu mjerenja
razlike između tkiva u pobuđenom stanju odnosno plazme i tkiva u mirovanju. Infracrvena spektroskopija
mjeri propuštene spektralne linije kroz tkivo i dobiva precizne informacije o morfološkoj strukturi tkiva.
Konačno, princip digitalne patologije zasniva se na skeniranju stakala s uzorcima i njihovom dugotrajnom
virtualnom pohranjivanju, višestrukom i kompleksnom analiziranju što otvara nove dijagnostičke
mogućnosti te višestrukom dijeljenju što predstavlja veliku novost u edukacijskim mogućnostima i
telemedicinskoj suradnji.

Abstract (english)

Pathology is a morphological science that studies diseases. It focuses on determining the cause and
pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases to better understand the clinical picture and timely prepare the
best therapy. In diagnostic pathology, laboratory methods play a crucial role. The conventional
pathohistological analysis of specimens under a light microscope is most used, and like all methods, it has
its advantages and disadvantages. With the advancement of technology, numerous alternative methods for
tissue analysis have emerged that could complement the conventional ones. Mass spectrometry, which
identifies molecules based on the ratio of their properties; mass and charge (m/z) in a complex chemical
reaction, shows great potential. It is suitable for identifying lipids and proteins in diseases, and one of its
advantages is that a single tissue section is sufficient for analysis. Atomic force microscopy is a highresolution method that provides information about early changes in tissue elasticity, cellular adhesion, and
the topographic appearance of specimens based on the attractive or repulsive forces between the probe tip
and the specimen surface. It can be used to examine the tumor microenvironment. Raman spectroscopy is
the first of the three spectroscopies discussed, which obtains data about molecules based on inelastic
scattering of photons. It is suitable for distinguishing apoptosis from necrosis and determining hypoxia.
Laser spectroscopy obtains information about the concentration of chem ical compounds and molecules
even in thicker tissues because it is based on measuring the difference between tissue in an excited state
(plasma) and tissue at rest. Infrared spectroscopy measures the transmitted spectral lines through tissue
and provides precise information about the morphological structure of the tissue. Finally, the principle of
digital pathology is based on scanning sample slides and their long-term virtual storage, multiple and
complex analyses which open new diagnostic possibilities, and multiple sharing options which represent a
significant innovation in educational opportunities and telemedicine collaboration.

• Keywords: patologija; alternativne metode; analiza; spektrometrija; spektroskopija; mikroskopija; digitalna patologija
• Keywords (english): pathology; alternative methods; analysis; spectrometry; spectroscopy; microscopy; digital pathology
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:178700
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-07-08 17:36:12