Usporedba blizanačke i jednoplodne trudnoće

master's thesis

• Title (english): Difference between twin and singleton pregnancy
• Author: Bojana Rački
• Mentor: Sandra Stasenko (mentor)
• Committee member: Željko Duić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinka Pavičić Baldani (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sandra Stasenko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Jednoplodna trudnoća se definira kao razvoj jednog fetusa u maternici. Blizanačka trudnoća podrazumijeva razvoj dvaju fetusa u maternici. Planiranje prehrane i praćenje povećanja tjelesne težine ključni su za održavanje zdravlja majke i fetusa u svakoj trudnoći. Smjernice i preporuke ovise o potrebama jednoplodne odnosno blizanačke trudnoće. Preporuča se unos istih nutrijenata, ali u povećanim dozama kod blizanačke trudnoće. Antenatalna skrb važan je dio svake trudnoće. Neinvazivni i invazivni prenatalni testovi neophodni su za otkrivanje kromosomskih anomalija i drugih komplikacija u obje vrste trudnoća. Ultrazvuk se u jednoplodnim trudnoćama koristi u određivanju gestacijske dobi, ranom otkrivanju anomalija i praćenja rasta fetusa. Uz sve navedeno u blizanačkim se trudnoćama također koristi za diferenciranje zigociteta i korioniciteta. Jednoplodne trudnoće obično traju oko 40 tjedana, dok blizanačke u prosjeku traju 37 tjedana. Vaginalni porođaj najsigurniji je za fetus i majku kada se radi o terminskoj jednoplodnoj trudnoći te kao takav je najčešći način dovršenja jednoplodne trudnoće. S druge strane, blizanci se također porađaju vaginalno, ali zbog veće stope prijevremenih porođaja u toj skupini je veća učestalost carskog reza nego kod jednopodnih trudnoća. Također se u blizanačkim trudnoćama češće javljaju komplikacijama poput gestacijskog dijabetesa i preeklampsije. Postoje univerzalne smjernice za vođenje jednoplodne trudnoće, dok blizanačke trudnoće često ovise o iskustvu opstetričara zbog manjka istih. Veća je učestalost maternalnih i perinatalnih komplikacijama kod blizanačkih nego kod jednoplodnih trudnoća. Uz fetalne komplikacije koje se viđaju u jednoplodnoj trudnoći, postoje komplikacije specifične za monokorijate poput sindroma transfuzije blizanaca na blizance (TTTS) i sekvence policitemije blizanačke anemije (TAPS). Učinkovita prenatalna skrb i pravovremene intervencije ključni su za poboljšanje ishoda za majku i dijete u oba tipa trudnoće. Svaka trudnoća je jedinstvena i zahtijeva personalizirana razmatranja za povoljne ishode.

Abstract (english)

A singleton pregnancy is defined as the development of one fetus in the uterus, while a twin pregnancy is the development of two fetuses in the uterus. Planning nutrition and monitoring weight gain are crucial for maintaining the health of both the mother and fetus in any pregnancy. Guidelines and recommendations depend on the needs of singleton and twin pregnancies. The intake of the same nutrients is recommended, but in increased amounts for twin pregnancies. Antenatal care is an important part of every pregnancy. Non-invasive and invasive prenatal tests are essential for detecting chromosomal abnormalities and other complications. Ultrasound is used in singleton pregnancies to determine gestational age, early detection of anomalies, and monitoring fetal growth. In addition to these, in twin pregnancies, it is also used to differentiate zygosity and chorionicity. Singleton pregnancies usually last around 40 weeks, while twin pregnancies 37 weeks on average. Vaginal delivery is the safest option for both the fetus and the mother in term singleton pregnancies, making it the most common way to complete a singleton pregnancy. On the other hand, twins can be delivered vaginally in only about 40% of cases, with most being born via cesarean section. Twin pregnancies result in higher rates of preterm births and complications such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. There are universal guidelines for managing singleton pregnancies, whereas twin pregnancies often depend on the experience of the obstetrician due to a lack of specific guidelines. There is a higher incidence of maternal and perinatal complications in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies. In addition to fetal complications seen in singleton pregnancies, there are complications specific to monochorionic twins, such as twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). Effective prenatal care and timely interventions are key to improving outcomes for both the mother and child in both types of pregnancies. Each pregnancy is unique and requires personalized considerations for favorable outcomes.

• Keywords: trudnoća; antenatalna skrb; komplikacije trudnoće
• Keywords (english): pregnancy; antenatal care; complications
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:267236
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-05 12:03:18