Endogena rezerva lučenja inzulina i HOMA-IR indeks

master's thesis

• Title (english): Endogenous reserve of insulin secretion and HOMA-IR index
• Author: Karlo Nemet
• Mentor: Velimir Altabas (mentor)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Vuković Brinar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Velimir Altabas (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Inzulin je ključan hormon u regulaciji metabolizma, čiji glavni učinci uključuju poticanje
ulaska glukoze u stanice, inhibiciju proizvodnje glukoze u jetri, te regulaciju lipida i proteina.
Inzulinska rezistencija nastaje kada tkiva postanu manje osjetljiva na inzulin, što rezultira
smanjenim ulaskom glukoze u stanice i povećanom proizvodnjom glukoze u jetri, što dovodi
do povišenih razina glukoze u krvi. Sindrom inzulinske rezistencije, poznat i kao metabolički
sindrom, obuhvaća poremećaje poput visceralne pretilosti, dislipidemije, hipertenzije i
intolerancije na glukozu. Visoka razina slobodnih masnih kiselina doprinosi inzulinskoj
rezistenciji ometajući inzulinske signalne puteve, dok oksidativni stres može dodatno pogoršati
stanje kod takvih bolesnika. Metaboličke abnormalnosti povezane s inzulinskom rezistencijom
povećavaju rizik od kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Inzulinska rezistencija se može manifestirati
kroz dva stadija: euglikemičnu hiperinzulinemičnu fazu, gdje su razine inzulina povišene kako
bi se kompenzirala smanjena osjetljivost, te hiperglikemičnu hipoinzulinemičnu fazu, u kojoj
beta stanice gušterače više ne mogu održavati normalne razine glukoze usprkos visokom nivou
inzulina.Procjena endogene inzulinske rezerve i osjetljivosti na inzulin važna je za procjenu
rizika od dijabetesa tipa 2 i drugih kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Laboratorijski testovi, kao što su
mjerenje C-peptida i različiti matematički indeksi poput HOMA-IR, pomažu u procjeni
funkcije beta stanica i inzulinske rezistencije. Prepoznavanje i rano liječenje inzulinske
rezistencije mogu značajno smanjiti rizik od razvoja ovih patoloških stanja povezanih s
metaboličkim sindromom, odnosno sindromom inzulinske rezistencije.

Abstract (english)

Insulin is a crucial hormone in metabolism control, with its main effects including promoting
glucose uptake into cells, inhibiting glucose production in the liver, and regulating blood and
tissue lipids and proteins. Insulin resistance occurs when tissues become less sensitive to
insulin, resulting in decreased glucose uptake into cells and increased glucose production in
the liver, which leads to elevated blood glucose levels. Insulin resistance syndrome, also known
as metabolic syndrome, includes disorders such as visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension,
and glucose intolerance. High levels of free fatty acids contribute to insulin resistance by
disrupting insulin signaling pathways, while oxidative stress can further worsen the condition
in affected individuals. Metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance increase the
risk of cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance can manifest through two stages: the
euglycemic hyperinsulinemic phase, where insulin levels are elevated to compensate for
reduced sensitivity, and the hyperglycemic hypoinsulinemic phase, where pancreatic beta cells
can no longer maintain normal glucose levels despite high insulin levels. Assessment of
endogenous insulin reserve and insulin sensitivity is important for evaluating the risk of type 2
diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases. Laboratory tests, such as measuring C-peptide and
various mathematical indices like HOMA-IR, help assess beta-cell function and insulin
resistance. Early recognition and treatment of insulin resistance can significantly reduce the
risk of developing these pathological conditions associated with metabolic syndrome or insulin
resistance syndrome.

• Keywords: Inzulinska rezistencija; šećerna bolest tipa 2; HOMA-IR
• Keywords (english): Insulin resistance; type 2 diabetes mellitus; HOMA-IR
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:014266
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-06 12:46:30