Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients living with HIV

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Progresivna multifokalna leukoencefalopatija u bolesnika koji žive s HIV-om
• Author: Keren Tova Goldstein
• Mentor: Marija Santini (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Santini (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Kutleša (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Budimir (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Infectious Diseases); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Infectology

Abstract

HIV infection is a healthcare problem worldwide, leading to opportunistic infections such as candidiasis, Kaposi sarcoma, and PML. There are several prevention programs and campaigns that aim to reduce the burden of HIV infection and AIDS. However, they remain prevalent and are associated with complications, especially in late presenters.
PML, an AIDS-defining disease caused by the JC virus, presents with neurological symptoms due to demyelination of the CNS. Although in most cases, diagnosis is done by a combination of clinical features, imaging, and CSF analysis, sometimes false negative results can arise, which can delay treating those patients. Therefore, an interdisciplinary team is essential for the correct management of patients with non-classical diagnostic results. In those cases, PML cannot be ruled out, and further tests that include brain biopsy are required.
Those points will be presented in a case report and supported by similar cases from literature, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive evaluation in late presenters with neurological manifestations of PML.

Abstract (croatian)

Infekcija HIV-om je zdravstveni problem širom svijeta, što dovodi do oportunističkih infekcija poput kandidijaze, Kaposijevog sarkoma i PML-a. Postoji nekoliko programa prevencije i kampanja koje imaju za cilj smanjenje opterećenja infekcijom HIV-om i AIDS-om. Međutim, i dalje su prisutni i povezani su s komplikacijama, posebno kod kasno otkrivenih pacijenata.
PML, bolest koja definira AIDS i uzrokovana je JC virusom, manifestira se neurološkim simptomima zbog demijelinizacije CNS-a. Iako se u većini slučajeva dijagnoza postavlja kombinacijom kliničkih obilježja, snimanja i analize likvora, ponekad se mogu pojaviti lažno negativni rezultati, što može odgoditi liječenje tih pacijenata. Stoga je interdisciplinarni tim ključan za ispravno upravljanje pacijentima s neklasičnim dijagnostičkim rezultatima. U tim slučajevima, PML se ne može isključiti, a potrebna su daljnja ispitivanja koja uključuju biopsiju mozga.
Ti će se aspekti predstaviti u prikazu slučaja, kao i potkrijepiti sličnim slučajevima iz literature, čime se naglašava važnost sveobuhvatne procjene kod kasno otkrivenih pacijenata s neurološkim manifestacijama PML-a.

• Keywords: HIV infections; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Keywords (croatian): HIV infekcije; Sindrom stečene imunodeficijencije; Progresivna multifokalna leukoencefalopatija
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:140606
• Study programme: Title: Medicine (in English language); Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-18 07:36:50