Sindrom pretreniranosti u trkača

master's thesis

• Title (english): Overtraining syndrome in runners
• Author: Danijela Vrhovski
• Mentor: Milan Milošević (mentor)
• Committee member: Jadranka Mustajbegović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Health Ecology

Abstract

Sindrom pretreniranosti je stanje dugotrajnog umora i pada sportskih sposobnosti uzrokovano pretjeranim treningom bez odgovarajuće faze odmora i oporavka. Za posljedicu nosi mnoštvo psihofizičkih smetnji koje mogu usporiti napredak i postizanje predviđenih rezultata te iste nerijetko i unazaditi.
Učestalost sindroma je sve veća kod današnjih profesionalnih trkača radi postavljanja sve većih zahtjeva na njihove organizme, nužnih za postizanje vrhunskih rezultata. Ali sindrom ne zaobilazi ni trkače početnike ni rekreativce.
Pretjerana fizička aktivnosti se smatra glavnim uzrokom sindroma pretreniranosti, ali i svi drugi psihički i socijalni stresori mogu pridonijeti pojavi sindroma. Zapravo akumulacija svih stresova dovodi do sloma adaptacijskih mehanizama i nastupaju dugotrajni negativni simptomi. Individualan kapacitet za stres igra bitnu ulogu u razvoju pretreniranosti.
Dijagnoza se postavlja klinički i treba se dokazati; 1.)smanjenje radne sposobnosti unatoč odmoru koji traje nekoliko tjedana, 2.)promjene raspoloženja i 3.)izostanak drugih uzroka smanjene radne sposobnosti.
Oporavak od sindroma pretreniranosti traje dulje vremensko razdoblje, često mjesecima.
Teško je predvidjeti kod koga će se sindrom zapravo i razviti. Stoga je prevencija ključna. Glavne komponente prevencije su edukacija i praćenje.
Ravnoteža između optimalnog treninga i oporavka je najbolja strategija uspjeha.
Pravilnim doziranjem opterećenja i dovoljno vremena provedenom u odmoru rezultirat će dodatnom motivacijom i, kako psihičkom, tako i fizičkom spremnošću za nove pobjede.

Abstract (english)

Overtraining syndrome is a condition of prolonged fatigue and decreased athletic performance caused by excessive training overload without adequate rest and recovery. Outcome can be psychological and physiological disturbances that can slow down progress or even downgrade performance.
Prevalence of the syndrome is higher among professional runners because of setting higher demands on their bodies, indispensable for achieving top results. But syndrome also targets beginners or recreational runners.
Excessive physical overload is considered to be the main cause of overtraining syndrome, but every other psychological and social stressors can atribute. In fact, accumulation of all the stressors causes collapse of the adaptation mechanisms and long term negative symptoms occur. Individual capacity for stress plays an important role in the development of the syndrome.
Diagnosis of the overtraining syndrome is clinical and accomplished through history, which should demonstrate the following: (1) decreased performance persisting despite weeks and months of recovery, (2) disturbances in mood, and (3) lack of signs and symptoms or diagnosis of other possible causes of underperformance.
Recovery last for weeks, often even months.
It is hard to predict which runner will develop overtraining. Therefore, prevention is the key.
Main components of prevention are education and follow up.
Balance between optimal training and recovery is a strategy of success.
Right amount od training overload and enough time to rest will result in an additional motivation, as psychological, and as physiological set out for new triumph.

• Keywords: sindrom pretreniranosti; presezanje; trkači
• Keywords (english): overtraining syndrome; overreaching; runners
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:764373
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-06-13 12:28:27