Karcinom penisa

master's thesis

• Title (english): Carcinoma of the penis
• Author: Dino Župan
• Mentor: Davor Trnski (mentor)
• Committee member: Željko Kaštelan (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislav Meštrović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Trnski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Urology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Urology

Abstract

Karcinom penisa se može pojaviti bilo gdje duž osovine penisa, ali većina se
pojavljuju na prepuciju ili glavi (glaviću). Karcinom obično sporo raste te je izlječiv ako
se rano otkrije. Gotovo sve zloćudne bolesti penisa su zloćudne tvorbe kože, a
najuobičajeniji je karcinom pločastih stanica, sličan karcinomu pločastih stanica na
drugim dijelovima kože, kao što su lice i ruke. Neke vrste raka penisa su melanomi,
koji se javljaju kao plavo-smeđe ravne mrlje i imaju tendenciju da se šire brže.
Povremeno, iz dubokih tkiva penisa može se razviti rak, što je tipično za sarkom.
Tumor se razvija u području kožice(prepucija) te se potom širi i postaje sve veći. U
konačnici tumor zahvati duboka tkiva u tijelu penisa i širi se na limfne čvorove u
preponama (ingvinalno područje) ili zdjelice. Karcinom penisa je, u određenom
smislu, bolest loše higijene. Pretpostavlja se da propadaju stanice prepucija te
dovode do iritacije koja vodi do razvoja raka. Karcinom penisa se obično pojavljuje
kao podignuta kvržica ili lezija na penisu. Mogu se naći i neobjašnjive promjene u boji
kože. Kao i mnoge vrste raka, karcinom penisa se dijagnosticira pomoću biopsije.
Liječenje se određuje prema veličini tumora i stadija. Ako je tumor mali i lokalan,
može se liječiti kirurški, kemijski, zračenjem ili laserom bez značajnih oštećenja
pojave ili funkcije penisa. Ako se proširio u dublja tkiva penisa ili je velik, operacija je
preferirani tretman za većinu muškaraca. Zračenje je opcija, ali rezultati su lošiji. Ako
se tumor proširio na limfne čvorove, operacija ili zračenje se koristi kao terapija.
Kemoterapija je od male vrijednosti kod liječenja opsežnog karcinoma penisa.

Abstract (english)

Cancer of the penis can occur anywhere along the penile shaft, but most are on the
foreskin or head (glans). It is usually a slow-growing cancer and is curable if
discovered early. Nearly all penile malignancies are cancers of the skin, the most
common being squamous cell carcinoma, similar to squamous cell carcinomas on
other parts of the skin such as the face or hands. Some penile cancers are
melanomas, which appear as blue-brown flat growths and tend to spread more
rapidly and more widely. Occasionally, the deep tissues of the penis develop cancer,
typically sarcomas. The tumor spreads gradually becoming larger in the area of the
skin where it first develops. Ultimately, it spreads to deep tissues inside the body of
the penis and to lymph nodes in the groin (inguinal area) or pelvis. Cancer of the
penis is, in a sense, a disease of poor hygiene. It is believed that the decaying cells
of the undersurface of the foreskin (smegma) produce irritation leading to cancer.
Penile cancer typically begins as a raised lump or lesion on the penis. It can begin
more as an area of unexplained change in the color of the skin. Like most cancers,
this is diagnosed by means of a biopsy. Treatment is determined by the tumor size
and staging. If the tumor is small and local, it can be treated surgically, chemically, or
with radiation or laser without major damage to the appearance or function of the
penis. If it has penetrated the deeper penile tissues or is large, surgery is the
preferred treatment for most men. Radiation is an option but results are less certain.
If the tumor has spread to lymph nodes, surgery or radiation is used. Chemotherapy
is of little value in ex.

• Keywords: karcinom penisa
• Keywords (english): penile neoplasms
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:386823
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-10-07 08:47:00