Uloga art terapije u liječenju onkoloških pacijenata

master's thesis

• Title (english): The role of art therapy in the treatment of oncology patients
• Author: Ana Papić
• Mentor: Marijana Braš (mentor)
• Committee member: Veljko Đorđević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dražen Begić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Braš (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Psychiatry

Abstract

Rak je jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema u svijetu. Njegova incidencija posljednjih godina raste te danas iznosi oko 14 milijuna stanovnika. Smatra se da će taj broj sljedećih dvadeset godina narasti dvostruko. Glavna karakteristika bolesti je nekontrolirano bujanje tkiva koje razara cijeli organizam. Veliki se napori ulažu u prevenciju, rano otkrivanje i liječenje raka, te se ovime bavi onkologija kao grana medicine.
Vrlo je važan i psihosocijalni aspekt raka kojim se bavi relativno novo područje psihoonkologije. Ono proučava sve psihološke elemente koje maligna bolest nosi, od utjecaja na njen nastanak do ublažavanja i liječenja svih psiholoških simptoma i problema koje ona uzrokuje kod pacijenata. Intervencije kojima se psihijatri i psihoterapeuti služe u psihoonkologiji su farmakoterapija te psihoterapija. Psihoterapeuti mogu raditi individualno s pacijentima, u grupnoj terapiji, s obiteljima oboljelih i s onkološkim timom.
Umjetnost u onkologiji može se koristiti kao metoda senzibilizacije javnosti za važnost kvalitetnog i sveobuhvatnog pristupa osobama oboljelima od ovih bolesti. Važna je i kao metoda podučavanja profesionalaca različitim aspektima onkološke bolesti, a možda je najvažnija upravo kao oblik psihoterapije (art terapija) za oboljele, članove njihovih obitelji i članove medicinskog tima.
Art terapija razvija se kroz 20. stoljeće potaknuta razvojem psihijatrije, psihoterapije i psihoanalize te razvojem novih umjetničkih pravaca kao što su nadrealizam i ekspresionizam. Svoj moderni oblik dobiva 40-ih godina kada se počinje i službeno zvati art terapija. Art terapeut je visoko stručno zanimanje i zahtijeva određene kvalifikacije u umjetničkom i terapeutskom radu.
Posljednjih dvadesetak godina diljem svijeta ulažu se napori kako bi se ona počela provoditi i s onkološkim pacijentima. Prva iskustva pacijenata i dojmovi terapeuta izrazito su pozitivni. Ističe se važnost povećanja broja kvantitativnih studija i izrade randomiziranih kontroliranih studija kao najvažnijeg oblika dokaza moderne medicine, kako bi se mogli naći najbolji modeli art terapije za onkološke pacijente.
Postoje i pokušaji kod nas u Hrvatskoj da art terapija postane ravnopravni član licenciranih terapeutskih zanimanja. Entuzijazam pojedinaca i prva nastojanja ovakvog rada s pacijentima urodila su nekim zanimljivim projektima, a u budućnosti je bitno stvoriti okružje za obrazovanje i rad art terapeuta.

Abstract (english)

Cancer is one of the leading public health problems in the world. Its incidence has increased in recent years, amounting to about 14 million people. It is believed that this number will double in the next twenty years. The main characteristic of the disease is the uncontrolled proliferation of tissue that destroys the entire body. Great efforts are being made in the prevention, early detection and treatment of cancer. Oncology as a branch of medicine deals with these issues.
The relatively new field of psycho-oncology deals with the psychosocial aspects of cancer which are also very important. It examines all the psychological elements of malignant diseases, from their impact on the formation of the disease to the mitigation and treatment of psychological symptoms and problems the disease causes in patients. Interventions that psychiatrists and psychotherapists use in psycho-oncology are pharmacotherapeutic treatment and psychotherapy. Psychotherapists can work individually with patients, in group therapy, with the families of patients and the oncology team.
Art in oncology can be used as a method of promoting awareness of the importance of a quality and comprehensive approach to people suffering from these diseases. It is important as a method of teaching professionals the different aspects of oncological diseases, and perhaps most important as a form of psychotherapy (art therapy) for patients, their families and members of the medical team.
Art therapy has started developing throughout the 20th century stimulated by the development of psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis and the development of new art trends such as surrealism and expressionism. It gets its modern form in the 1940ies when it starts being officially called art therapy. Art therapists are a highly skilled profession and require certain qualifications in artistic and therapeutic work.
In the last twenty years efforts are being made worldwide to implement its use with cancer patients. The first patient experiences and therapist impressions are extremely positive. The importance of increasing the number of quantitative studies and randomized controlled trials as the most important form of evidence in modern medicine is emphasized in order to find the best models of art therapy for oncology patients.
There are attempts here in Croatia for art therapy to become an equal member of licensed therapeutic jobs. The enthusiasm of individuals and first efforts in the work with patients have produced some interesting projects, but in the future it is essential to create an environment for the education and work of art therapists.

• Keywords: rak; onkologija; psihoonkologija; umjetnost; art terapija
• Keywords (english): cancer; oncology; psycho-oncology; art; art therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:397984
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-08-10 10:53:10