Utjecaj endokrinih disruptora na reproduktivno zdravlje žena

master's thesis

• Title (english): Impact of endocrine disruptors on female reproductive health
• Author: Tinamarel Mandić
• Mentor: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (mentor)
• Committee member: Jadranka Mustajbegović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jagoda Doko Jelinić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Health Ecology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Occupational and Sports Medicine

Abstract

Uredna hormonska regulacija je važna za reproduktivno zdravlje. Brojna laboratorijska i epidemiološka istraživanja bave se ulogom endokrinih disruptora u razvoju preuranjenog puberteta, prijevremenog razvoja dojke, u nastanku fibroida (PCB), endometrioze (ftalati i dioksini), PCOSa ili neplodnosti. Rezultati su ograničeni i proturječni. Dokazano je da su potencijalni endokrini disruptori, kao što su kadmij i organofosfatni pesticidi povezani s povećanim rizikom od pobačaja, prijevremenim porođajem i smanjenim fetalnim rastom. Endokrini disruptori su egzogene kemikalije ili kemijske smjese koje mogu interferirati s mnogim aspektima hormonskog djelovanja bilo da utječu izravno na hormone, ili neizravno uplitanjem u njihov metabolizam. Kemijska potentnost na hormonski sustav ovisi o brojnim čimbenicima, jedan od najvažnijih je broj i dostupnost receptora. Endokrini disruptori uzrokuju najviše poremećaja tijekom razvoja tkiva. Proizvode nelinearan i nemonoton učinak ovisan o dozi in vitro i in vivo. Nadalje, važno je imati na umu da smjesa endokrinih disruptora u niskim dozama može proizvesti efekt aditivnog učinka. Postoje mnoge rupe u našem znanju o endokrinim disruptorima i njihovim učincima na ženski reproduktivni sustav. Mnoge mehanizme i dalje slabo razumijemo. Malen je broj dosad ispitanih kemikalija. Krajnji učinci izmjereni in vitro nisu primjereni za otkrivanje mogućih uloga endokrinih disruptora u povećanju broja poremećaja ženskog reproduktivnog sustava.
Potrebne su bolje informacije o tome kako i kada je nužno omesti djelovanje endokrinih disruptora s ciljem smanjenja izloženosti tijekom razvoja i sprječavanja pojave bolesti. Jasan primjer uspjeha je primarna prevencija kroz kontrolu ekspozicije. Suočeni smo s gorućom potrebom o nastojanju da se sadašnje znanje poboljša u svrhu očuvanja zdravlja ljudi i divljih životinja te prevencije bolesti uzrokovanih ekološkim čimbenicima.

Abstract (english)

Normal hormonal signalling at these times is critical to future reproductive health. However, there is limited and conflicting experimental and epidemiological evidence to support a role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in premature puberty, breast development, in causing fibroids (PCBs), endometriosis (phthalates and dioxins),PCOS and infertility. Also, there is limited evidence that potential endocrine disruptors such as cadmium, and organophosphate pesticides are associated with the increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery and reduced foetal growth. Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals or chemical mixtures that can interfere with many aspects of hormone action either influencing directly the hormone, or indirectly by interfering with its metabolism. Chemical potency on a hormone system is dependent upon many factors including receptor abundance etc. Though sensitivity to endocrine disruption is the highest during tissue development, endocrine disrupting chemicals produce non-linear dose responses both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it is important to note that endocrine disruptors at low doses can produce additive effects.
There are many gaps in our knowledge of endocrine disruption and its effects on female reproductive system. Many of the mechanisms are still poorly understood and the number of examined chemicals is small. Moreover, endocrine endpoints measured in vitro are not adequate to detect possible roles of endocrine disrupting chemicals in inducing great number of the female reproductive disorders and diseases.
Better information on how and when endocrine disrupting chemicals act is needed to reduce exposures during development and prevent disease from occurring. A clear example of success is primary prevention through exposure control. We have identified new emerging need to take the advantage of current knowledge to improve human and wildlife health by prevention environmentally induced diseases.

• Keywords: reproduktivno zdravlje žena; endokrini disruptor; okoliš
• Keywords (english): reproductive health women; endocrine; disruptor; environmental
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:219227
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-08-10 11:35:15