Zbrinjavanje radioaktivnog otpada nakon medicinske dijagnostike i terapije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Disposal of radioactive waste after medical diagnosis and therapy
• Author: Dean Smojver
• Mentor: Ksenija Vitale (mentor)
• Committee member: Ana Borovečki (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Dolanski-Babić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ksenija Vitale (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-07-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Health Ecology

Abstract

Apsorpcija ionizirajućeg zračenja u organizmu izaziva ionizaciju ili ekscitaciju molekula. Energija oslobođena tom ionizacijom dovodi do kemijskih promjena, prilikom čega se stvaraju slobodni radikali koji mogu uzrokovati ireverzibilna oštećenja molekula koje su esencijalne za biološko funkcioniranje stanice. Na takav način nastaju biokemijske (metaboličke) promjene, posljedica čega mogu biti fiziološka ili morfološka oštećenja i/ili mutacije stanice koje primarno djeluju na jezgru, ali i na druge stanične dijelove. Oštećenja stanice očituju se usporenjem stanične diobe, staničnom smrću i preobrazbom u zloćudne stanice. Različite dijagnostičke metode koje se primjenjuju u medicini, poput rendgena (RTG), kompjuterizirane tomografije (CT) i scintigrafije pored svog pozitivnog, nažalost, imaju i negativan utjecaj na zdravlje čovjeka. Pozitivan utjecaj očituje se u brzoj i točnoj dijagnostici koja je neophodna pri liječenju mnogih bolesti, a negativan u tome što su ljudi izloženi tim (i još nekim) dijagnostičkim metodama istovremeno izloženi i određenoj dozi zračenja koja se emitira njihovom primjenom i koja posljedično može dovesti do karcinoma. Navedene dijagnostičke metode generiraju proizvodnju medicinskog otpada koji je radioaktivan te, kao takav, vrlo opasan i mora biti adekvatno zbrinut u posebnim skladištima, kako bi se na taj način osigurala zaštita zdravlja ljudi i okoliša od radijacije. Pri zbrinjavanju radioaktivnog otpada, moraju se jasno definirati ciljevi tog postupka, osigurati zakonodavni okvir, raspodjela odgovornosti između nadležnih institucija, financijska sredstva te odgovarajući broj ljudi zadužen za ispunjavanje navedenog zadatka.

Abstract (english)

Absorption of ionizing radiation in the organism causes ionization or excitation of molecules. Energy released by ionization leads to chemical changes, during which the free radicals are created, which can cause irreversible damage to molecules that are essential for biological functioning of a cell. This is how biochemical (metabolic) changes are made, result of which can be physiological or morphological damage and/or mutation of a cell that primarily influence the core, but also other cell parts. Cell damage manifests itself by slowing of the cell division, cell decay and transformation into malignant cells. Different diagnostic methods that are applied in medicine like X-ray (RTG), computerized tomography (CT) and scintigraphy, along with everything positive, also have negative effects on human health. Positive effects are manifested by accurate diagnostic which is necessary for treating many illnesses, while negative are that people who are exposed to these (and some other) diagnostic methods in the same time exposed to a certain amount of radiation which is emitted by their appliance and which can lead to cancer. The mentioned diagnostic methods generate radioactive medical waste that, as such, is very dangerous and has to be adequately disposed of in special warehouse, to ensure the safety of people environment from the radiation. The goals of disposal of radioactive waste have to be clearly defined, legislative frame ensured, responsibility of institutions in charge and financial funds allocated, as well as an adequate number of people engaged in fulfilling the mentioned task.

• Keywords: ionizirajuće zračenje; dijagnostičke metode; medicinski otpad; radioaktivni otpad
• Keywords (english): ionizing radiation; diagnostic methods; medical waste; radioactive waste
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:123031
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-10-27 13:20:26