Glaukom otvorenog kuta

master's thesis

• Title (english): Open-angle glaucoma
• Author: Ivana Majdandžić
• Mentor: Smiljka Popović-Suić (mentor)
• Committee member: Tomislav Jukić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Miro Kalauz (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Smiljka Popović-Suić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-07-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Ophthalmology

Abstract

Glaukom otvorenog kuta predstavlja najčešći oblik glaukoma u svijetu. To je kronična, progresivna optička neuropatija koja rezultira propadanjem vidnog polja i gubitkom vidne funkcije. Kao drugi najčešći uzrok sljepoće predstavlja značajan javnozdravstveni problem diljem svijeta. Zahvaća oko 50 milijuna ljudi s najvećom učestalošću kod osoba starijih od 50 godina. Pri pregledu gonioskopom uočava se blago suženje kuta između rožnice i šarenice što otežava otjecanje očne vodice i dovodi do povišenja očnog tlaka. Iako u patogenezi ove vrste glaukoma ključnu ulogu igra povišeni očni tlak, postoje i drugi čimbenici rizika koji su važni za nastanak bolesti. Glaukom otvorenog kuta je kronična bolest koja podmuklo napreduje ne izazivajući ni bol ni druge simptome koji bi ukazivali na prisutnost bolesti sve dok se ne izgubi vid u značajnom postotku. Bolest je nužno prepoznati što ranije kako bi liječenje počelo prije ireverzibilnih strukturnih promjena. Svakom bolesniku treba odrediti ciljni tlak, pri kojem će progresija bolesti biti zaustavljena ili odgođena. Zlatni standard u mjerenju očnog tlaka predstavlja Goldmannova aplanacijska tonometrija. Na temelju izmjerenog povišenog očnog tlaka, nalaza gonioskopije, testiranja vidnog polja te uočavanja patološkog izgleda papile vidnoga živca i oštećenja sloja živčanih vlakana, može se postaviti dijagnoza glaukoma otvorenog kuta. Intraokularni tlak treba održavati stabilnim, u dopuštenim dnevnim oscilacijama farmakoterapijom, a ukoliko je nužno i laserskom ili tradicionalnom kirurgijom. Bolesnika treba educirati o kroničnoj prirodi bolesti, redovitom uzimanju lijekova, konzultacijama i pregledima kod oftalmologa kako bi se očuvala funkcija vida, a time omogućila zadovoljavajuća kvaliteta života.

Abstract (english)

Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of glaucoma in the world. It is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy that results in a degradation of the visual field and vision loss. As the second most common cause of blindness, it represents a major public health problem worldwide. The disease affects approximately 50 million people. It often occurs after 50 years of age. The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be reduced flow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork, resulting in increased eye pressure. Although ocular hypertension plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this type of glaucoma, there are other risk factors that are important to the onset of the disease. At first, open-angle glaucoma has no symptoms. It causes no pain. Without treatment, people with glaucoma will slowly lose their vision until no vision remains. The disease has to be detected as early as possible in order to begin the treatment before structural changes occur. The target pressure, at which the disease progression is stopped or delayed, is determined individually in each patient. Goldmann tonometry is considered to be the gold standard IOP test and is the most widely accepted method. Beside measurements of the intraocular pressure via tonometry, testing for glaucoma should include gonioscopy, formal visual field test and examination of the optic nerve to look for any visible damage. The pressure has to be maintained by pharmacotherapy and, if necessary, by laser or traditional surgery. The patient has to be informed about the chronic nature of the disease and the importance of a regular and most often lifelong therapy in preserving the visual function and quality of life.

• Keywords: glaukom otvorenog kuta; starije osobe; sljepoća; povišeni očni tlak; rana dijagnostika
• Keywords (english): open-angle glaucoma; older people; blindness; ocular hypertension; early diagnosis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:725373
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-08 11:32:32