| Abstract | U ovom radu opisani su poremećaji prehrane u djece i adolescenata. Većina djece kroz svoj razvoj prolazi barem kratak period u kojem postoje teškoće u prehrani i hranjenju. Odbijanje hrane, jedenje samo odabranih namirnica, krijumčarenje hrane, jedenje u krivo vrijeme i izlaganje ritualima oko hrane među najčešćim su pritužbama roditelja u vezi prehrambenih navika njihove djece.
Tri su osnovna tipa poremećaja hranjenja kod adolescenata: anoreksija i bulimija nervoza te kompulzivno prejedanje. U radu su navedene klasifikacije, vrste, simptomi i način liječenja za svaki pojedini navedeni poremećaj. U razvoju poremećaja hranjenja bitnu ulogu imaju biološki, psihološki i socijalni faktori. Od bioloških faktora najčešće se navode dob, spol i tjelesna težina, dok kod psiholoških faktora značajnu ulogu imaju samopoštovanje, perfekcionizam, te zadovoljstvo slikom tijela. Kada je riječ o socijalnim faktorima najčešće se navode utjecaj medija, vršnjaka i roditelja na sliku tijela. Programi ambulantnog liječenja uključuju različite oblike psihoterapije (obiteljsku, individualnu, terapiju igrom itd.), a bolničkog oporavak prehrane (dijetoterapija), medicinski oporavak, obiteljski tretman i psihosocijalni oporavak. Na bolničko liječenje se šalju bolesnici koji su vitalno ugroženi, a inače se najprije pokušava sa ambulantnim liječenjem. Uloga medicinske sestre je uzimanje sestrinske anamneze, planiranje zdravstvene njege postavljanjem odgovarajućih sestrinskih dijagnoza i intervencija te holistički pristup pacijentu. Najvažnija uloga sestre je holistički pristup pacijentu (uloga sestre u timu liječnika specijalista pedijatrije, psihijatrije, dijetetičara, psihologa) u prihvaćanju i motivaciji poremećaja. |
| Abstract (english) | In this paperwork eating disorders in children and adolescents are described. Most children trough their development have at least a short period when they show difficulties with feeding and eating. Food refusal, eating only a very narrow selection of foods, sneaking food, eating at the wrong time, and exhibiting rituals around food are among the more common complaints parents report about their children`s eating habits. There are three main types of eating disorders at adolescents: anorexia nervosa, bulimia and compulsive overating. In this paperwork clasifications, types, symptoms and ways of treatment for each individual mentioned feeding disorder are listed. Biological, psychological and social factors have important role in development of eating disorders. Often cited biological factors are age, gender and body weight, whilst the psychological factors that play an important role are self-esteem, perfectionism, and satisfaction with body image. When it comes to social factors often cited are the influence of media, peers and parents on body image. The programs of infirmary treatment include different forms of psychotherapy (family and individual, play therapy, group therapy), and hospital treatment diet recovery (Diet Therapy), medical recovery, family treatment and psychosocial
recovery. Patientswho are vitaly endagered are sent to inhospital treatment, otherwise they start with out-patient treatment first. The role of nurse is taking a nurse medical history, health care planning by setting the appropriate nurse diagnosis and interventions and holistic approach (nurse`s role in multidisciplinary team consisting of specialist in pediatry, pshychiatry, psychologist, nutritionist) to the patient. The most important role of nurse is to help the patient and family to accept disease and motivate patient to cope with symptoms actively, and successfully. |
