Uzročnici, uzorci i interpretacija bakteriemije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Causative agents, samples and interpretation of bacteremia
• Author: Gabrijela Perše
• Mentor: Ana Budimir (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Bošnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Budimir (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-07-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Medical Microbiology

Abstract

Općenito govoreći, sufiks „-emija“ (od starogrčkog αἷμα, haîma, "krv") (1) odnosi se na prisutnost tvari u krvožilnom sustavu. Tako pojam bakteriemija označava prisutnost bakterija u krvi. Ako je prisutnost praćena umnažanjem bakterija u krvotoku, naziva se septikemija. Upalni odgovor ljudskog organizma na bakteriemiju rezultira sepsom koju obilježava prisutnost kliničkih znakova i simptoma koji mogu progredirati u septički šok. Sepsa je jedan od vodećih uzroka smrtnosti diljem svijeta. Bakteriemija je stoga potencijalno po život opasno stanje koje nosi sa sobom znatan pobol i rizik od smrti. Ne iznenađuje stoga činjenica da brza i točna identifikacija uzročnika bakteriemije i njegove antimikrobne rezistencije predstavlja poseban interes za kliničare. Različiti mikroorganizmi su sposobni uzrokovati bakteriemiju, ali njihova učestalost i distribucija ovisi o čimbenicima kao što je različita zemljopisna lokacija. Praćenje i poznavanje najčešćih uzročnika bakteriemije i njihove rezistencije na antibiotike u svakoj pojedinoj regiji može pomoći u odabiru najučinkovitije empirijske terapije za pacijente s bakteriemijom. S druge strane, odabir ciljane antimikrobne terapije za liječenje bakteriemije zahtijeva mikrobiološku obradu. Uzimanje krvi za hemokulturu nakon koje slijedi izrada antibiograma još uvijek se smatra zlatnim standardom za određivanje etiologije bakteriemije i njene terapije. Ovaj pregledni rad će se usredotočiti na kliničku važnost konvencionalnih tehnika hemokulture te dijagnostičke strategije za otkrivanje bakteriemije, uključujući i pregled novih molekularnih metoda i pristupa. S obzirom na važnost koju imaju u dijagnostici bakteriemije, važno je razumjeti načela, tehničke zahtjeve i ograničenja ovih metoda.

Abstract (english)

Generally speaking, the suffix "-emia" (from ancient Greek αἷμα, haîm, "blood") (1) refers to the presence of different substances in the bloodstream. Thus, the term bacteremia represents the presence of bacteria in the blood. If the presence is accompanied by bacterial multiplication in the bloodstream, it is called septicemia. The inflammatory response of the human organism to bacteremia results in sepsis, a condition characterized by the presence of clinical signs and symptoms that may progress to septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Bacteremia is therefore a potentially life-threatening condition that carries with it a considerable morbidity and the risk of death. It comes as no surprise that the rapid and accurate identification of causative agents and their antimicrobial resistance is of particular interest to clinicians. Different microorganisms are capable of causing bacteremia, but their frequency and distribution depends on factors such as different geographic location. Monitoring and being informed about the most common causative agents and their antimicrobial resistance in each region can help in selecting the most effective empirical therapy for patients with bacteremia. On the other hand, selection of targeted antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of bacteremia requires microbiological processing. Blood culture processing followed by antibiogram making is still a method of choice for determining the etiology of bacteremia and its therapy. This review will focus on the clinical importance of blood cultures; diagnostic strategies for the detection of bacteremia, including a review of new molecular methods and approaches. Considering the importance of these methods in diagnosis of bacteremia, it is important to understand their principles, technical requirements and limitations.

• Keywords: bakteriemija; sepsa; antimikrobna rezistencija; hemokultura; antibiogram
• Keywords (english): bacteremia; sepsis; antimicrobial resistance; blood cultures; antibiogram
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:485405
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-04-09 09:54:31