Prevencija nozokomijalnog prijenosa infekcije uzrokovane bakterijom Clostridium difficile

master's thesis

• Title (english): Prevention of nosocomial transmission of infection caused by Clostridium difficile bacterium
• Author: Vera Škec
• Mentor: Mirjana Balen Topić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Santini (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirjana Balen Topić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Infectious Diseases); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-06-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Infectology

Abstract

Clostridium difficile smatra se uzročnikom u 20-30% postantimikrobnih dijareja, vodeći je uzrok nozokomijalno stečenih dijareja te je povezan sa stopom mortaliteta od 1-5%. C. difficile je anaerobna gram pozitivna sporogena bakterija prisutna u zemlji, vodi i probavnom sustavu životinja, zdrave djece i odraslih Ijudi. Vegetativni oblici C. difficile, sposobni za proizvodnju toksina, nalaze se u crijevu domaćina, a kad se stolicom izluče u suhu i hladniju vanjsku okolinu, gdje vladaju nepovoljni uvjeti za preživljavanje, prelaze u spore vrlo otporne na povišenu temperaturu, isušivanje i na alkoholne dezinficijense, koje u okolišu mogu preživjeti i do 5 mjeseci. Najčešći put prijenosa bakterije u bolničkim uvjetima su kontaminirane ruke zdravstvenih djelatnika. Strogim i pravilnim provođenjem snopa mjera prevencije moguće je znatno prevenirati nastanak nozokomijalnih C. difficile infekcija (CDI). Najznačajnije mjere prevencije nozokomijalnih CDI su izolacija bolesnika s CDI, higijensko pranje ruku i dezinfekcija predmeta i površina sporocidnim klornim dezinfekcijskim sredstvima, no od velike je važnosti i primjena osobnih zaštitnih sredstava te pravilan postupak s bolničkim rubljem. U prevenciji je ključna i sistematska edukacija zdravstvenih i nezdravstvenih bolničkih djelatnika, samih bolesnika i njima bliskih osoba kao i osiguranje potrebnih materijalnih preduvjeta kako bi se nozokomijalni prijenos CDI sveo na najmanju moguću mjeru.

Abstract (english)

Clostridium difficile is considered to be the causative pathogen in 20-30% of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, and the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea, related to mortality rate of 1-5%. C. difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenous bacillus present in the soil, water and intestinal tract of animals, healthy children and adults. Vegetative forms of C. difficile, capable of toxin production, are found in the host's intestine, and when they are excreted to a dry and cooler outdoor environment with adverse conditions for survival, they transform into spores highly resistant to high temperature, desiccation and alcohol disinfectants, which can survive in the environment for up to 5 months.The most common mode of C. difficile transmission in the hospital setting is via contaminated hands of healthcare personnel. Strict and proper implementation of bundles of prevention measures can significantly prevent the emergence of nosocomial C. difficile infections (CDIs). The most important measures for prevention of nosocomial CDI include hygienic hand washing and disinfection of objects and surfaces with sporicidal chlorine disinfectants, however, the use of personal protective equipment and the proper procedure with hospital laundry are of great importance. A continuous education of medical and non-medical staff, patients and their family members is needed, as well as providing necessary material prerequisites so that the risk for nosocomial CDI transmission is minimized.

• Keywords: nozokomijalna infekcija; Clostridium difficile; prevencija
• Keywords (english): nosocomial infection; C. difficile; prevention
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:483794
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-02-27 11:17:21