Acute aortic dissection

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Akutna disekcija aorte
• Author: Azra Smajic
• Mentor: Nikola Bulj (mentor)
• Committee member: Diana Delić-Brkljačić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Boško Skorić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Bulj (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Acute aortic dissection is an acute state that potentially could be fatal. It is caused by the separation of two layers of the aortic wall and allowing blood flow to enter creating two lumens, one true lumen and one false. The most common cause of acute aortic dissection are unregulated hypertension, smoking, aneurysms and male gender. There are also genetic predispositions as
Marfan’s syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Clinical signs of acute aortic dissection are not always clear and that is why acute aortic dissection are often misdiagnosed. The most common symptoms described by patients are severe, sharp pain in the chest and the diagnoses should be suspicions from the anamnesis. One of the indications are usually the abruptness of the pain. Acute aortic dissection can proven by computed tomography. Acute aortic dissections are classified into two groups. This is type A and type B. The importance of the classification is because this tells us about location of dissection and the management and treatment options. Acute aortic dissections are treated by surgery or by medication. Surgery procedure choice depend if the aortic valve is damaged or not. Bentall procedure, valve sparing aortic root replacement and thoracic endovascular aortic repair are three most common procedures used for aortic dissection repair.

Abstract (croatian)

Akutna disekcija aorte je akutno stanje koje je potencijalno smrtonosno. Uzrok je razdvajanje slojeva aortne stijenke koje posljedično dozvoljava utok krvi te raslojavanje stijenke uz stvaranje dvaju lumena; pravi lumen i lažan lumen. Najčešći uzroci akutne disekcije aorte su neregulirani krvni tlak, pušenje, aneurizmi i muški spol. Marfanov sindrom i Ehlers-Danlos sindrom su genetske predispozicije. Klinički znakovi akutne disekcije aorte često se ne prepoznaju lako, što može dovesti
do neispravne dijagnoze. Najčešći simptomi su opisani od pacijenata kao probadajuća oštra bol u prsima i dijagnoza bi se trebala posumnjati od anamneze. Jedan od indikacija je i iznenadna, naglo nastala bol. Akutna disekcija aorta u pravilu se dokazuje kompjuteriziranom tomografijom. Akutna disekcija aorte se klasificira u dvije grupe: tip A i tip B. Važnost klasifikacije je u tome što nam ona govori o lokalizaciji disekcije te o mogućnostima liječenja. Akutna disekcija aorte se liječi kiruški ili medikamentno. Izbor vrste kiruškog zahvata ovisi o tome da li je aortna valvula oštećena ili nije. Procedura po Bentallu, zamjena aortnog korijena uz poštedu valvule i torakalni endovaskularni postupak postavljanja aortnog stent-grafta su najčešće metode izbora za popravak aortne disekcije.

• Keywords: acute aortic dissection; tunica media; hypertension; classifications; medication; surgery
• Keywords (croatian): akutna disekcija aorte; tunica media; krvni tlak; klasifikacija; medikamenti; kirurgija
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:295526
• Study programme: Title: Medicine (in English language); Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-03-29 11:38:44