Pretilost i najčešći komorbiditeti u obiteljskoj medicini

master's thesis

• Title (english): Obesity and the most common comorbidities in family medicine
• Author: Marta Kurešić
• Mentor: Ksenija Kranjčević (mentor)
• Committee member: Đurđica Kašuba Lazić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlata Ožvačić Adžić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ksenija Kranjčević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Family Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Family Medicine

Abstract

Pretilost je jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema u svijetu koji svojom učestalošću poprima pandemijske razmjere. Definira se kao prekomjerno nakupljanje masnog tkiva u organizmu i iznosom indeksa tjelesne mase iznad 30 kg/m2. Prema posljednjim podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, više od 650 milijuna odraslih osoba u svijetu pati od pretilosti, što je 13% svjetskog stanovništva. Etiologija pretilosti je kompleksna, a objašnjava se međudjelovanjem genetičkih i okolišnih čimbenika od kojih su najznačajniji nepravilna prehrana i nedovoljna tjelesna aktivnost. Pretilost je jedan od glavnih čimbenika rizika za razvoj brojnih bolesti. Mnoga istraživanja potvrđuju da postoji jasna povezanost između pretilosti i šećerne bolesti tipa 2, arterijske hipertenzije, kardiovaskularnih bolesti, dislipidemija i depresije. Kako se povećava broj osoba koje pate od pretilosti, tako raste broj oboljelih od komorbiditeta, stoga je važno pretilost prevenirati i liječiti. Važnu ulogu u tome imaju liječnici obiteljske medicine koji su upoznati s tegobama i navikama svojih pacijenata. Svakom pacijentu treba pristupiti individualno, objasniti mu što je pretilost i koji su komorbiditeti te predložiti i biti podrška u provođenju terapije. Najvažniji korak je promjena stila životnih navika što uključuje smanjenje tjelesne mase i povećanje tjelesne aktivnosti, a ako je potrebno mogu se uvesti farmakološka i, iznimno, kirurška terapija.

Abstract (english)

Obesity is one of the leading public health problems in the world, with its frequency of pandemic proportions. It is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat in the body and an index of body mass above 30 kg/m2. According to the World Health Organization's latest data, more than 650 million adults worldwide suffer from obesity, accounting for 13% of the world's population. Obesity is a complex phenomenon and is explained by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, the most significant of which is irregular nutrition and insufficient physical activity. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of many diseases. Many studies confirm that there is a clear link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and depression. As the number of people suffering from obesity increases, so does the number of patients suffering from comorbidities as well, and it is therefore important to prevent and treat obesity. Family physicians are the ones who are familiar with the illnesses and habits of their patients and that plays an important role in this. Each patient should be accessed individually, explained to about what obesity is and what comorbidities are and then suggested and supported in the therapy. The most important step is a lifestyle change that includes body mass reduction and increased physical activity, and if necessary, pharmacological and, exceptionally, surgical therapy can be introduced.

• Keywords: pretilost; komorbiditeti; obiteljska medicina
• Keywords (english): obesity; comorbidities; family medicine
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:852240
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-10-23 10:43:45