Title Gubitak sluha u profesionalnih glazbenika Title (english) Hearing loss in professional musicians Author Valentino Potroško Mentor Krsto Dawidowsky (mentor)Committee member Srećko Branica (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Mihael Ries (član povjerenstva)Committee member Krsto Dawidowsky (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-07-12, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Slušni organ čovjeka sastoji se od vanjskog, srednjeg i unutrašnjeg uha, slušnog puta i slušne kore mozga. S jedne strane, anatomija i fiziologija vanjskog i srednjeg uha poprilično su jednostavne, a njihova je uloga prihvaćanje mehaničkih vibracija koje stvara zvuk i njihov prijenos na unutrašnje uho kroz ovalni prozorčić. S druge strane, anatomija i fiziologija unutrašnjeg uha su kompleksnije, a njegova je uloga prijenos vibracija preko perilimfe i endolimfe na Cortijev slušni organ. Slušni put započinje slušnim živcem, a završava slušnom korom mozga u kojoj dolazi do percepcije zvuka. Oštećenje sluha ozbiljan je problem od kojeg pati 5 % svjetske populacije. Vrstu i stupanj oštećenja utvrđujemo nekom od metoda ispitivanja sluha, a to su: akumetrija, tonska i govorna audiometrija, timpanometrija i ispitivanje akustičkog refleksa te otoakustička emisija. Zanimanje glazbenika povezano je s brojnim profesionalnim bolestima, a jedna od njih je i gubitak sluha uzrokovan bukom kojoj se svakodnevno izlažu pri izvođenju i uvježbavanju. Gubitak sluha uzrokovan bukom zamjedbeni je (senzorineuralni) tip gubitka sluha s određenim posebnostima koje ga razlikuju od ostalih zamjedbenih oštećenja sluha. Kod gubitka sluha uzrokovanog bukom prvo dolazi do pomaka praga sluha na frekvencijama od 3 do 6 kHz, a najčešće je zahvaćena frekvencija od 4 kHz. Rađena su brojna istraživanja koja se bave gubitkom sluha u populaciji glazbenika. Istraživanja provedena na orkestralnim glazbenicima ukazala su na to da su oni uistinu izloženi rizičnim količinama buke, a najizloženiji su instrumentalisti koji sviraju limena i drvena puhačka glazbala te perkusionisti. Rock-glazbenici još češće pate od oštećenja sluha jer su izloženiji većim količinama buke, a najugroženiji su bubnjari. Studenti glazbenih akademija većinom su premladi da bi imali razvijeno bilo kakvo oštećenje sluha. DJ glazbenici vrlo često pate od oštećenja sluha uzrokovanog bukom, a zanimljivo je i da pojačano gube sluh na nižim frekvencijama od 125 do 500 Hz jer se više izlažu niskofrekventnim tonovima visokog intenziteta. Postoje brojne metode zaštite od buke, stoga je potrebno aktivno poticati glazbenike da koriste barem jednu od njih.
Abstract (english) Human auditory system consists of the outer, middle and inner ear, the auditory pathway and the auditory cortex. On the one hand, the anatomy and physiology of the outer and middle ear are simple and their role is the detection of mechanical sound vibrations, and the transmission of those vibrations to the inner ear through the oval window. On the other hand, the anatomy and physiology of the inner ear is more complex. Its role is the transmission of the sound vibrations to the organ of Corti, through perilymph and endolymph. The auditory pathway starts with the cochlear nerve and ends with the auditory cortex. Hearing loss is a serious issue which affects 5 % of world population. Type and level of hearing loss can be determined by some of the hearing tests: acoumetry, tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex and otoacoustic emmission testing. Career in music often entails quite a few occupational diseases, and one of them is noise-induced hearing loss they acquire when performing or practicing music. Noise-induced hearing loss is a type of sensorineural hearing loss which manifests certain symptoms which set it apart from other types of sensorineural hearing loss. Noise-induced hearing loss is characterized by threshold shifts that first occur in the frequency range of 3 to 6 kHz, and most commonly around 4 kHz. There have been many studies on hearing loss in musicians. Studies done on orchestral musicians show that they are indeed exposed to high noise levels. The most exposed ones are brass, woodwind and percussion players, and are hence prone to experience the greatest threshold shifts in the frequency range of 3 and 6 kHz. Rock musicians suffer from hearing loss even more often as they are exposed to even greater noise levels, and, among them, drummers are most often at the highest risk. Music academy students are mostly too young to develop any type of hearing loss. DJ musicians often suffer from noise induced hearing loss, and, interestingly, they often have threshold shifts in the frequency range of 125 Hz to 500 Hz because they are more exposed to lower frequencies which have high sound pressure level. There are many noise-reduction methods and musicians ought to be encouraged to implement some of them.
Keywords
slušni organ
gubitak sluha uzrokovan bukom
populacija glazbenika
metode zaštite od buke
Keywords (english)
human auditory system
noise-induced hearing loss
musicians
protective methods
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:982519 Study programme Title: Medicine Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-02-24 14:29:27
