Epidemiologija i mogućnosti prevencije iznenadne srčane smrti u rekreativnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti

master's thesis

• Title (english): Epidemiology and prevention of sudden cardiac death in recreational physical activity
• Author: Mihovil Antunović
• Mentor: Zdravko Babić (mentor)
• Committee member: Diana Delić-Brkljačić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zdravko Babić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Iznenadna srčana smrt (engl. sudden cardiac death, lat. mors cardiaca subita) je neočekivani i nenajavljeni smrtni ishod nastao zbog prestanka cirkulacije srčane geneze, a koji se događa jedan sat od pojave simptoma u odsutnosti drugih potencijalno smrtonosnih uzroka. Iako se iznenadna srčana smrt u tjelesnoj aktivnosti percipira kao pojava koja se češće javlja u populaciji profesionalnih sportaša, epidemiološki podaci ne idu u prilog tom uvjerenju. Naime, iznenadna srčana smrt je preko 15 puta učestalija kod rekreativne tjelesne aktivnosti. Postoji niz strukturnih i funkcionalnih poremećaja koji mogu rezultirati iznenadnom srčanom smrću, međutim koronarna arterijska bolest smatra se najčešćim etiološkim čimbenikom iznenadne srčane smrti u rekreativnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Razlikujemo više pretpostavljenih mehanizama kojima tjelesna aktivnost može dovesti do iznenadne srčane smrti, a ključnom se pokazala aritmogena podloga. Neposredno prije nastupa iznenadne srčane smrti može se javiti niz nespecifičnih simptoma koji, pak, nemaju prognostičku vrijednost mogućeg nastanka prethodno spomenutog incidenta. Preventivne metode uključuju 3 razine djelovanja, koje kumulativno mogu biti od presudnog značaja za pojavnost iznenadne srčane smrti u rekreativnoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Prva razina prevencije obuhvaća poticanje zdravih navika kao što su redovita tjelesna aktivnost, pravilna prehrana i kvalitetan san, te suzbijanje negativnih kao što su neumjerena konzumacija alkohola, pušenje i korištenje nedozvoljenih supstanci. Druga razina uključuje ranu dijagnostiku i liječenje postojećih kardiovaskularnih bolesti te prilagođavanje napora mogućnostima organizma, dok treća uključuje pravovremenu i efikasnu reakciju u hitnim stanjima kako bi se spriječio nastanak srčane smrti.

Abstract (english)

Sudden cardiac death (lat. mors cardiaca subita) is an unexpected and unannounced death outcome caused by circulatory arrest of cardiac genesis within one hour of the onset of symptoms in the absence of other potentially fatal causes. Even though sudden cardiac death in physical activity is perceived as being more common in the population of professional
athletes, epidemiologic data do not support that claim. In fact, sudden cardiac death is over 15 times more common in recreational physical activity. A broad spectrum of structural and functional disorders can result in sudden cardiac death, however coronary artery disease is considered the leading etiological factor of sudden cardiac death in recreational physical activity. There are several presumed mechanisms by which physical activity can lead to sudden cardiac death, with the common denominator being the arrhythmogenic component. A variety of nonspecific symptoms can occur just before the onset of sudden cardiac death, but they do not hold any prognostic value for the occurrence of previously mentioned incident. Methods of prevention include 3 levels of action that can cumulatively be crucial for the incidence of sudden cardiac death in recreational physical activity. The first level of prevention is comprised of encouraging healthy habits such as regular physical activity, proper nutrition and quality sleep, and discouraging unhealthy ones such as alcohol abuse, smoking and illegal substance abuse. The second level consists of early diagnostics and treatment of preexisting cardiovascular disease in addition to adjusting the level of exertion to one's physical capacity, while the third level includes timely and efficient treatment of emergencies in order to prevent cardiac death.

• Keywords: iznenadna srčana smrt; rekreativna tjelesna aktivnost; prevencija
• Keywords (english): sudden cardiac death; recreational physical activity; prevention
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:874850
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-04-14 08:06:31