Neonatal jaundice screening

master's thesis

• Title (croatian): Probir novorođenačkih žutica
• Author: Haris Ahmić
• Mentor: Jurica Vuković (mentor)
• Committee member: Jurica Vuković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ruža Grizelj (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin of newborns which appears as a result of the imbalance between bilirubin production and elimination. It occurs in 60-85% of newborns and in majority of cases resolves within a few days. However, misdiagnosis of pathologic neonatal jaundice as benign physiologic jaundice delays the detection of potentially serious medical conditions or complications. High levels of unconjugated bilirubin in blood exert a neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system, leading to bilirubin encephalopathy, while conjugated hyperbilirubinemia indicates potentially serious hepatic disorder or a systemic illness. Unfortunately, severe neonatal jaundice is still recognized as a “silent” cause of numerous cases of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the goal of neonatal jaundice screening programs is the prompt detection of the neonatal jaundice cases, giving extra time to health care personel for preemptive actions with an aim of reducing infant’s mortality and morbidity caused by severe hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of this paper is giving an overview of neonatal jaundice, including its pathophysiology and etiology, clinical manifestations and complications associated with it, management and interventions as well as current guidelines and recommendations for screening and management with a short review of technical advances in the area. Ultimately the aim of the paper includes a proposal for a novel approach to early detection of neonatal jaundice.

Abstract (croatian)

Novorođenačka žutica jest pojava žutog obojenja kože u novorođenčadi koje se javlja kao posljedica poremećaja proizvodnje i lučenja bilirubina. Pojavljuje se u 60-85% novorođenčadi, a u većini slučajeva nestaje kroz nekoliko dana. Međutim, krivo dijagnosticirana benigna fiziološka žutica umjesto patološke novorođenačke žutice, odgađa otkrivanje potencijalno opasnih bolesti i njihovih komplikacija. Visoka razina nekonjugiranog bilirubina u krvi ima neurotoksični učinak na središnji živčani sustav, što vodi do bilirubinske encefalopatije. S druge strane, konjugirana hiperbilirubinemija upućuje na mogući ozbiljan poremećaj jetre ili na sustavnu bolest. Nažalost, novorođenačka se žutica još uvijek smatra “skrivenim” uzrokom velikog broja slučajeva novorođenačke smrtnosti u svijetu. Slijedom toga, cilj probira novorođenačkih žutica jest pravovremeno otkrivanje slučajeva same žutice, što bi dalo više vremena zdravstvenom osoblju za poduzimanje proaktivnih radnji s ciljem smanjenja smrtnosti novorođenčadi uzrokovane hiperbilirubinemijom. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati pregled novorođenačke žutice, uključujući njezinu patofiziologiju, etiologiju, kliničke manifestacije i komplikacije povezane s njom, njezino liječenje i obradu, trenutačne smjernice i preporuke za njenu detekciju i liječenje, tehnička dostignuća u području otkrivanja novorođenačke žutice, i na posljetku prezentirati prijedlog za novi pristup ranom otkrivanju novorođenačke žutice.

• Keywords: neonatal jaundice; screening; hyperbilirubinemia; neonatal cholestasis; artificial intelligence algorithm; data analysis
• Keywords (croatian): novorođenačka žutica; probir; hiperbilirubinemija; neonatalna kolestaza; algoritmi umjetne inteligencije; analiza baza podataka
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:858156
• Study programme: Title: Medicine (in English language); Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-10-01 07:30:37