Uloga radioterapije u multimodalnom liječenju raka vrata maternice, tijela maternice i jajnika

master's thesis

• Title (english): The role of radiotherapy in multimodal treatment of cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer
• Author: Mirna Alvir
• Mentor: Lidija Beketić-Orešković (mentor)
• Committee member: Nikola Đaković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmina Marić Brozić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lidija Beketić-Orešković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Clinical Oncology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Oncology

Abstract

Ginekološki tumori (rak vrata maternice, tijela maternice i jajnika) spadaju među 10 najčešćih tumorskih sijela u žena, a rak jajnika je i jedan od najsmrtonosnijih tumora u žena. Svaki od ovih tumora ima posebne karakteristike, epidemiološku raspodjelu, dijagnostiku i način liječenja. Uz nastanak ginekoloških tumora veže se niz rizičnih čimbenika koji se također razlikuju za pojedinu vrstu tumora (npr. promiskuitetno spolno ponašanje i infekcija HPV-om kod raka vrata maternice, povećana izloženost djelovanju estrogena kod raka tijela maternice, rana menarha i kasna menopauza te obiteljsko naslijeđe kod raka jajnika). Glavni prognostički čimbenik za sve tri vrste tumora je stadij bolesti, koji određujemo pomoću FIGO klasifikacije. Radioterapija, u kombinaciji s ostalim terapijskim modalitetima ima važnu ulogu u liječenju ginekoloških tumora, posebno raka vrata maternice i raka tijela maternice. Rak vrata maternice u nižim stadijima bolesti liječi se primarno kirurški, a ovisno o stadiju primjenjuje se adjuvantna radioterapija ili konkomitantna kemoradioterapija, dok je u višim stadijima bolesti primarni oblik liječenja radioterapija s kemoterapijom. Primarno liječenje raka tijela maternice je kirurško u svim stadijima bolesti, uz adjuvatno liječenje radioterapijom s ili bez kemoterapije. Osnovu liječenja raka jajnika čini kirurški zahvat s maksimalnom citoredukcijom uz adjuvantno kemoterapijsko liječenje, a radioterapija se rijetko primjenjuje. Unatoč stalnom razvoju novih terapijskih modaliteta, izgledno je da će radioterapija pojedinih vrsta ginekoloških tumora i dalje ostati jedan od glavnih načina liječenja, posebno uz mogućnost primjene novih i modernih radioterapijskih tehnika.

Abstract (english)

Gynecological tumors (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer) are among ten most common cancer sites in women, while ovarian cancer is also one of the deadliest cancers in women. Tumors vary in characteristics, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment. Many factors contribute to the onset of the disease and they are also different for each tumor site (e.g. promiscuity and HPV infection in cervical cancer, prolonged exposure to estrogen in endometrial cancer, early menarche, late menopause and family heritage in ovarian cancer). Stage is the most important prognostic factor for all three types of tumors, determined by FIGO classification. Radiotherapy, combined with other treatment modalities, plays an important role in gynecological tumors treatment, especially in cervical cancer and endometrial cancer treatment. The early stage cervical cancer is treated surgically, where adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are indicated depending on the stage, while advanced cervical cancer is treated with primary concomitant radio- and chemotherapy. Surgery is method of choice in every stage of endometrial cancer, with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic treatment. Maximal cytoreductive surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy is a standard method in the ovarian cancer treatment, while radiotherapy is rarely used. Despite the ongoing development of new treatment modalities, radiotherapy is likely to stay one of the main treatment modalities, especially with implementation of new and modern radiotherapeutic techniques.

• Keywords: ginekološki tumori; rak vrata maternice; rak tijela maternice; rak jajnika; liječenje; radioterapija
• Keywords (english): gynecological tumors; cervical cancer; endometrial cancer; ovarian cancer; treatment; radiotherapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:554878
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-01-20 12:47:19