Rizik od infekcije u osoba s multiplom sklerozom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Risk of infectious disease in people with multiple sclerosis
• Author: Karlo Beljak
• Mentor: Mario Habek (mentor)
• Committee member: Barbara Barun (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tereza Gabelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Habek (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Neurology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Neurology

Abstract

Multipla skleroza je kronična, autoimuna bolest demijelinizacijske patogeneze koja se smatra jednim od najčešćih uzročnika invaliditeta u mladih odraslih osoba. U liječenju multiple skleroze postoje 2 pristupa: terapija održavanja i imunorekonstrukcijski pristup. U oba pristupa koriste se lijekovi koji mijenjaju tijek bolesti. Ti lijekovi različitim mehanizmima mogu uzrokovati promjenu u imunološkom sustavu te tako povećati rizik od oportunističkih infekcija i drugih oblika infektoloških komplikacija. Progresija multiple skleroze često dovodi do disfunkcije središnjeg živčanog sustava što se održava simptomima koji mogu doprinijeti povećanom riziku od infekcija. Oštećenje može dovesti do razvitka disfunkcije mokraćnog mjehura ili do disfagije. Ta dva stanja povećavaju rizika od nastanka infekcija mokraćnog sustava i aspiracijske pneumonije zasebnim mehanizmima. U doba pandemije SARS–CoV–2 virusa istražen je odnos lijekova koji mijenjaju tijek bolesti i rizik od nepovoljnog ishoda zaraze u osoba koje primaju lijek. Otkriveno je da pojedini lijekovi ne povećavaju rizik od zaraze, već samo od lošeg ishoda infekcije ako se netko zarazi. Osobe s MS-om zahtijevaju individualan pristup tijekom liječenja u razdoblju pandemije i predstavljaju dodatan izazov kliničaru koji zbrinjava tu skupinu bolesnika. Bitno je poznavati koliki je rizik od infekcija, uzrokovan različitim čimbenicima kojima su izložene osobe s multiplom sklerozom, kako bi im bivala pružena optimalna skrb i zaštita od razvitka infekcija koje mogu komplicirati konačan ishod liječenja.

Abstract (english)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune disease of demyelinating pathogenesis that is considered one of the most common causes of disability in young adults. There are 2 approaches in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: maintenance therapy and immunoreconstructive approach. Both approaches use disease-modifying drugs. These drugs can cause changes in the immune system by various mechanisms, thus increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and other forms of infectious complications. Progression of multiple sclerosis often leads to central nervous system dysfunction which is manifested by symptoms that may contribute to an increased risk of infections. The damage can lead to the development of bladder dysfunction or dysphagia. These two conditions increase the risk of urinary tract infections and aspiration pneumonia by separate mechanisms. At the time of the SARS – CoV – 2 virus pandemics, the relationship between disease-modifying drugs and the risk of adverse outcomes in those receiving the drug was investigated. It has been found that certain medications do not increase the risk of infection, but only of a poor outcome of infection if someone becomes infected. People with MS require an individual approach during treatment during the pandemic period and pose an additional challenge to the clinician caring for that group of patients. It is important to know the risk of infections, caused by various factors to which people with multiple sclerosis are exposed, in order to provide them with optimal care and protection from the development of infections that can complicate the final outcome of treatment.

• Keywords: multipla skleroza; infekcije; rizik; SARS-CoV-2; lijekovi koji mijenjaju tijek bolesti
• Keywords (english): multiple sclerosis; infections; risk; SARS-CoV-2; disease modifying drugs
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:695470
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-01-21 09:10:39