Neuroendokrini tumori gastrointestinalnog sustava

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract
• Author: Petar Dragičević
• Mentor: Davor Tomas (mentor)
• Committee member: Božo Krušlin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lovorka Batelja-Vuletić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Davor Tomas (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pathology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pathology

Abstract

Neuroendokrini tumori (NET - engl. Neuroendocrine tumors) gastrointestinalnog (GI - engl. Gastrointestinal) sustava su rijetka i heterogena skupina novotvorina koje imaju određene zajedničke stanične osobine te jedinstvene osobine s obzirom na smještaj u gastrointestinalnom traktu. Očituju se širokim rasponom simptoma poput: abdominalnih bolova, mučnine, povraćanja, konstipacije, crvenom ili tamnom stolicom, crvenilom kože, umorom, neobjašnjivim smanjenjem tjelesne težine, žuticom, krastama kože i duševnim smetnjama. Klinička prezentacija neuroendokrinih tumora gastrointestinalnog sustava se razlikuje prema dijelu gastrointestinalnog sustava u kojem nastanu i koliko je opsežan njihov lokalni rast na lokaciji nastanka, prema tome da li izlučuju hormone u organizam oboljele osobe i ako da, koje hormone te da li postoji metastatski rasap bolesti. Rana dijagnoza svih novotvorina, tako i neuroendokrinih tumora gastrointestinalnog sustava, je od izričite važnosti u smanjenju nepovoljnih zdravstvenih ishoda kod oboljelih. Uz korištenje kliničkog pregleda i uzimanja anamneze, za dijagnozu neuroendokrinih tumora gastrointestinalnog sustava se koriste laboratorijske analize razina kemijskih spojeva koje ove novotvorine mogu izlučivati te radiološke slikovne metode i patohistološka analiza novotvorine nakon biopsije. Prognoza i liječenje neuroendokrinih tumora gastorintestinalnog sustava ovisi o tome u kojem stadiju je bolest što se određuje prema smjernicama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije iz 2019. godine. Metode liječenja uključuju kiruršku resekciju dijela gastrointestinalnog trakta u kojemu se novotvorina nalazi, kemotrapiju i radioterapiju, primjenu somatostatinskih analoga, imunoterapiju i primjenu radionuklidne terapije peptidnih receptora.

Abstract (english)

Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are a rare and heterogenous group of neoplasms that posses certain common cellular characteristics and unique characteristics depending on their location within the gastrointestinal tract. They present with a wide variety of symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, red or black discoloration of the stool, skin redness, fatigue, inexplicable weight loss, jaundice, skin scabbing and mental disturbances. The clinical presentation of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract differs depending on the location of the gastrointestinal tract where the tumor forms, how expansive their local growth is at the site of formation, if they secrete hormones into the organism of the patient and if they do, which particular hormone they secrete and whether there are distant meastases present. The early diagnosis of all neoplasms, including neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is paramount since it decreases unfavorable outcomes for the patient. Along with a clinical exam and history taking, the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is comprised of laboratory examinations of the levels of chemical compunds which these neoplasms may secrete along with radiological imaging and pathohistological analysis of the neoplasm following a biopsy. The prognosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract depends on which stage the disease is in, which in turn is determined using the World Health Organization guidelines from 2019. Methods of treatment include surgical resection of the part of the gastrointestinal tract where the neoplasm is located,
chemotherapy and radiotherapy, somatostatin analogues, imunotherapy and radionuclide therapy of peptide receptors.

• Keywords: neuroendokrini tumori; gastrointestinalni sustav; stadij; dijagnostika; liječenje
• Keywords (english): neuroendocrine tumors; gastrointestinal tract; stage; diagnostics; treatment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:961103
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-01 12:55:05