Fiziologija visinskih priprema

master's thesis

• Title (english): Physiology of altitude training
• Author: Rikard Filipović Grčić
• Mentor: Ozren Jakšić (mentor)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ozren Jakšić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Occupational and Sports Medicine

Abstract

Na velikim nadmorskim visinama ljudsko tijelo podvrgnuto je dodatnom fiziološkom stresu. Visinske pripreme ili trening u hipoksiji postupak je u kojem se trenira ili živi na zraku sa smanjenom količinom kisika u svrhu poticanja fizičkih prilagodbi koje mogu poboljšati sportske izvedbe. Postoje dva značajna razloga zašto bi netko htio iskoristiti prednosti treninga na visinama. Prvi je kako bi se poboljšale izvedbe na visinama, a drugi je razlog da bi se poboljšale izvedbe na razini mora. Prilikom treninga na visinama tijelo se osim na stres samog treninga mora prilagoditi i na stanje hipoksije. Fiziološke prilagodbe koje se odvijaju na velikim nadmorskim visinama imaju za cilj optimizirati prijenos kisika iz zraka do mitohondrija kako bi se moglo odvijati stanično disanje. Hipoksija je ključan stimulans koji potiče adaptaciju ventilacije, kardiovaskularnog i hematološkog sustava te skeletnih
mišića. Postoje brojni modeli koji kombiniraju prirodan ili umjetan hipoksičan okoliš, povremena ili kontinuirana izlaganja, kao i različite nadmorske visine. Prilikom klasičnih visinskih priprema sportaši žive i treniraju na velikim visinama. S druge strane, moguće je živjeti na velikim visinama, a trenirati na manjim ili se povremeno izlagati hipoksiji. Ovi modeli imaju za cilj smanjiti štetne posljedice boravka u hipoksiji uz zadržavanje koristi. Bolest velikih visina je zajednički naziv za sindrome koji mogu zahvatiti neaklimatizirane putnike nedugo nakon uspona na visine. Različiti modeli visinskih priprema mogu se kombinirati kako bi se maksimizirale izvedbe. Također, treba poduzeti određene mjere za sprječavanje štetnih posljedica odlaska na visine, kako bi korist visinskih priprema bila što je moguće veća.

Abstract (english)

At great altitudes, human body undergoes additional physiological stress. Altitude training, or training in hypoxia, is a procedure in which you train or live in an environment with lower oxygen to stimulate physiologic adaptations that can lead to enhanced athletic performances. There are two main reasons why someone would want to use the advantages of training at altitude. First one is to enhance performances at altitude, and second reason is to enhance performances at sea level. During training at altitude body has to adapt to a state of hypoxia as well as to stress of training itself. Physiological
adaptations that take place at great altitudes have a goal of optimizing transfer of oxygen from air to mitochondria, in order to mantain cellular respiration. Hypoxia is a key stimulant that leads to adaptation of ventilation, cardiovascular and haematologic system, and skeletal muscles. There are many models of altitude training that combine natural or artificial hypoxic environment, intermittent or continuous exposure, as well as different altitudes. During classical altitude training athletes live and train at great heights. On the other hand, living high and training low as well as intermittent hypoxic exposure are also available. These models aim to reduce negative effects of staying at altitude while maintaining positives. High-altitude illness is a common name for syndromes that can overwhelm travellers shortly after ascent. Different models of altitude training can be combined in order to maximise performances. Also, measures should be taken in order to prevent negative consequences of high altitude, so that altitude training would be as beneficial as possible.

• Keywords: visina; trening; hipoksija; sportaši
• Keywords (english): altitude; training; hypoxia; athletes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:720147
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-03 12:01:32