Neurobiologija nocicepcije i antinocicepcije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Neurobiology of nociception and antinociception
• Author: Tihana Kovačević
• Mentor: Damir Petravić (mentor)
• Committee member: Zdravka Poljaković-Skurić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Habek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Damir Petravić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Neurology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Neurology

Abstract

Bol je neugodno senzorno i emocionalno iskustvo vezano sa postojećom ili mogućom ozljedom tkiva. Bol je uvijek individualno iskustvo na koje u datom trenutku u različitoj mjeri utječu biološki, psihološki i socijalni čimbenici. S obzirom na kompleksnost i subjektivnost pojma, teško je procijeniti epidemiološku sliku u svijetu. Istraživanja u pojedinim zemljama ukazuju da i do 25% opće populacije pati od kroničnih bolova, a akutna bol je najčešći simptom zbog kojeg pojedinci traže medicinsku pomoć. Za razliku od nocicepcije koja označava proces enkodiranja štetnih podražaja, bol kao subjektivno iskustvo ne mora proizlaziti isključivo iz aktivnosti senzornih neurona niti korelirati s intenzitetom ozljede. Živčani sustav procesom nocicepcije detektira i interpretira široki spektar štetnih toplinskih, mehaničkih i kemijskih podražaja. Nocicepcija uključuje procese transdukcije, transmisije, percepcije i modulacije nociceptivnog signala. Glavnu ulogu u nocicepciji imaju nociceptori, periferni receptori za bol koji procesom transdukcije prevode štetni podražaj u akcijski potencijal. Transmisija podrazumijeva provođenje tako nastalih nociceptivnih signala u središnji živčani sustav gdje se oni integriraju i percipiraju kao bol. Modulacija je proces inhibicije ili facilitacije transmisije nociceptivnog signala. Poznavanje molekularne osnove transdukcije i transmisije, kao i modulacije nociceptivnog signala temelj je postojeće terapije boli, ali otvara i vrata novim farmakološkim i nefarmakološkim pristupima liječenju. Za primjereno liječenje boli od presudne je važnosti razumijevanje mehanizama generiranja boli, stoga je cilj ovog rada prikaz fizioloških mehanizama, neurobiološke podloge uključenih procesa te neuroanatomskih puteva nocicepcije.

Abstract (english)

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is always a personal experience that is in any given moment influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors. Considering the complexity and subjectivity of the term, it is difficult to estimate the epidemiological situation in the world. Studies in individual countries indicate chronic pain prevalence close to 25%, whereas acute pain is the most common complaint which prompts patients to seek medical aid. In contrast to nociception which implies the neural process of encoding noxious stimuli, pain is a subjective experience and it doesn't necessarily stem from activity of sensory neurons nor does it correlate with severity of injury. Through the process of nociception, the nervous system detects and interprets a variety of thermal, mechanical, and chemical noxious stimuli. Nociception entails the processes of transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of nociceptive signal. Nociceptors, sensory receptors of the peripheral nervous system, play a major role in nociception because of their capability of transducing noxious stimuli to action potential. Transmission refers to the passage of resulting nociceptive signal to the central nervous system where it is integrated and
perceived as pain. Modulation pertains to processes of inhibition or facilitation of nociceptive transmission. Molecular basis of genesis, conduction and modulation of the nociceptive signal is the foundation of existing pain treatment. Furthermore, it opens doors to new treatments and pharmacological agents. Since it is essential to understand the mechanisms of pain generation in order to treat it successfully, the aim of this thesis is to describe the underlying biological components of both physiological pain processing and modulation of the pain response and involved neuroanatomical pathways.

• Keywords: nocicepcija; nociceptori; transdukcija; transmisija; modulacija
• Keywords (english): nociception; nociceptors; transduction; transmission; modulation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:638480
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-02-25 10:23:39