Uloga mikrobiote u bolestima jetre

master's thesis

• Title (english): The role of microbiota in liver diseases
• Author: Lucija Kutija
• Mentor: Anna Mrzljak (mentor)
• Committee member: Irena Hrstić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anna Mrzljak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Crijevna mikrobiota ima više različitih uloga u ljudskom organizmu, prvenstveno sudjelujući u metaboličkim procesima. Njezini metaboliti imaju važnu ulogu u regulaciji homeostaze u tijelu i interferiraju s raznim staničnim putevima. Postoji velika varijabilnost između pojedinaca u sastavu mikrobiote. Promjena u raznolikosti i funkcionalnosti mikrobiote naziva se disbiozom. Određene bakterije mogu uzrokovati oštećenje crijevne barijere. Ukoliko je crijevna barijera oštećena, metabolički produkti, hormoni, stanične komponente dolaze do jetre gdje se odvija imunološki odgovor. Disbioza utječe i na metabolizam tvari koje sudjeluju kao signalne molekule u organizmu te remeti njihovu ravnotežu. Pretpostavlja se da su navedeni mehanizmi u patogenezi jetrenih bolesti, poput primarnog sklerozirajućeg kolangitisa, nealkoholne bolesti jetre i alkoholne bolesti jetre. Terapija usmjerena na mikrobiotu i njezine produkte predstavlja novu nadu u razvoju terapijskih mogućnosti koje bi mogle utjecati na prirodni tijek jetrenih bolesti. Danas se sve više primjećuje važnost mikrobiote u patofiziologiji različitih bolesti gotovo svih organskih sustava, stoga je u ovom radu dan pregled rezultata istraživanja o mikrobioti i njezinoj ulozi u patogenezi jetrenih bolesti kao što su primarni sklerozirajući kolangitis, nealkoholna bolest jetre, alkoholna bolest jetre i druge te mogućim budućim terapijskim postupcima usmjerenima na manipulaciju crijevne mikrobiote.

Abstract (english)

Gut microbiota has a lot of different roles in the human body. Firstly, it is included in metabolic processes. Metabolites of microbiota have an important role in the regulation of homeostasis in the human body, and they interfere with several cell signaling pathways. There is a high variability in the composition of microbiota between people. Change in the diversity and functionality of microbiota is called dysbiosis. Moreover, some bacteria can disrupt the intestinal barrier. If the intestinal barrier is disrupted, metabolic products, hormones and cell components reach the liver, where the immune response occurs. Dysbiosis has an impact on the metabolism of substances, which act as signal molecules in the organism and disturb its balance. Therefore, these are suggested mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or alcoholic liver disease. Treatment targeted on microbiota and its products represents new hope in the development of therapeutic possibilities that could impact liver disease progression. Nowadays, science has just started to notice the importance of the microbiota in the pathophysiology of diseases in several different organ systems. Furthermore, this paper reviews articles about microbiota and provides the latest information on its role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases like primary sclerosing cholangitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease, and others. Also, it provides information about future therapeutic possibilities directed towards the manipulation of gut microbiota.

• Keywords: crijevna mikrobiota; disbioza; jetrene bolesti.
• Keywords (english): gut microbiota; dysbiosis; liver diseases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:728191
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-03-07 10:33:08