Title Opterećenje desnog srca u plućnoj hipertenziji
Title (english) Right ventricular load in pulmonary hypertension
Author Stela Paradžik
Mentor Gordana Pavliša (mentor)
Committee member Mateja Janković Makek (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Martina Lovrić Benčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Gordana Pavliša (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb School of Medicine (Department of Internal Medicine) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2021-07-16, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Internal Medicine
Abstract Plućna hipertenzija je definirana srednjim plućnim arterijskim tlakom (mPAP) ≥ 25mmHg. Zahvaća približno 1% odrasle populacije. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji dijeli se u pet skupina: plućna arterijska hipertenzija, plućna hipertenzija zbog bolesti lijevog srca, plućna hipertenzija zbog bolesti pluća i/ili hipoksije, kronična tromboembolijska plućna hipertenzija i plućna hipertenzija zbog multifaktorskih mehanizama. Posljedica kronične i progresivne plućne hipertenzije je opterećenje desne klijetke, što u konačnici progredira u zatajenje desnog srca. Promjena u frakciji izbacivanja desne klijetke znatno je važniji prognostički čimbenik plućne hipertenzije od promjene vrijednosti plućnog vaskularnog otpora. Najčešći simptomi plućne hipertenzije su progresivna dispneja u naporu i brzo umaranje. S progresijom bolesti, javljaju se znakovi i simptomi zatajenja desne klijetke, koji su posljedica povišenog središnjeg venskog tlaka i smanjenog srčanog minutnog volumena. Najistaknutiji klinički znak zatajenja desne klijetke su periferni edemi. U kasnijim fazama bolesti, nastaje oštećenje funkcije bubrega, jetre i gastrointestinalnog trakta. Dijagnoza plućne hipertenzije i posljedičnog opterećenja desnog srca postavlja se na temelju anamneze i fizikalnog pregleda, laboratorijskih i funkcionalnih pretraga, te korištenjem neinvazivnih i invazivnih dijagnostičkih metoda. Najvažnija metoda probira je ehokardiografija, koja često pobuđuje prvu sumnju na plućnu hipertenziju i opterećenje desnog srca. Definitivna dijagnoza potvrđuje se invazivno, kateterizacijom desnog srca. Skrb za bolesnike sa zatajenjem desnog srca usmjerena je na rješavanje reverzibilnih uzroka akutne dekompenzacije desne klijetke i razvoj strategije za poboljšanje funkcije, što se može postići mijenjanjem predopterećenja, kontraktilnosti i naknadnog opterećenja desne klijetke. Dostupnom farmakoterapijom nastoji se prevladati neravnoteža između vazokonstrikcijskih i vazodilatacijskih medijatora, a ona uključuje antagoniste receptora endotelina, inhibitore fosfodiesteraze tip 5, stimulatore topljive gvanilat ciklaze i analoge prostaciklina. Ako je odgovor na farmakoterapiju neadekvatan, a bolest uznapredovala, treba uzeti u obzir mogućnost transplantacije pluća.
Abstract (english) Pulmonary hypertension is defined by mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg. About 1% of adults suffer from pulmonary hypertension. The WHO (World Health Organization) classification categorizes pulmonary hypertension into five groups: pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease, pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease and/or hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension with multifactorial mechanisms. The consequence of chronic and progressive pulmonary hypertension is right ventricular overload, which leads to the right heart failure. Reduced ejection fraction of right ventricle is more important as a prognostic factor for pulmonary hypertension than changes in pulmonary vascular resistance values. The most common symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are progressive dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue. As pulmonary hypertension progresses, signs and symptoms of right heart failure occur, as a result of elevated central venous pressure and decreased cardiac output. The most prominent clinical sign of the right heart failure is peripheral edema. In the late stage of the disease, damage to the function of the kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract occurs. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and right heart overload is based on history and physical examination, laboratory and functional tests, non–invasive and invasive diagnostic methods. The most important diagnostic method is echocardiography, which often gives the first suspicion of pulmonary hypertension and right heart overload. The definitive diagnosis is confirmed invasively, by catheterization of the right heart. The care for patients with right heart failure is focused on recognizing the reversible causes of acute right ventricular decompensation and improving function by changing preload, contractility and afterload of the right ventricle. Available pharmacotherapy overcomes the imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. It includes endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase and prostacyclin analogues. If the response to pharmacotherapy is inadequate or disease has progressed, the lung transplantation should be considered.
Keywords
plućna hipertenzija
opterećenje desnog srca
plućni vaskularni otpor
Keywords (english)
pulmonary hypertension
right heart overload
pulmonary vascular resistance
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:105:302572
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2022-03-24 12:20:49