Prevencija i rano otkrivanje raka pluća

master's thesis

• Title (english): Prevention and early detection of lung cancer
• Author: Mateja Šumiga
• Mentor: Jasna Radić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Gomerčić Palčić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasmina Marić Brozić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasna Radić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Clinical Oncology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-07-16, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Oncology

Abstract

Rak pluća vodeći je uzrok smrti povezane s rakom u Hrvatskoj i svijetu. Najvažniji rizični čimbenik za nastanak raka pluća je pušenje cigareta, stoga je prestanak pušenja najvažnija mjera prevencije. U razvijenim zemljama koje više ulažu u metode prevencije i prestanak pušenja pojavljuje se sve veći broj zloćudnih tumora pluća kod nepušača, stoga je važno razumjeti ulogu ostalih rizičnih faktora kako bi programi prevencije bili usmjereni i na njih. Kontinuirane mjere koje promiču zaštitu radnika od udisanja kancerogena na radnom mjestu, održavanje čistog zraka, zdrave tjelesne mase, tjelesne aktivnosti i zdrave prehrane bitne su za smanjenje rizika nastanka raka pluća. Prevencija je najučinkovitija mjera za dugoročno smanjenje obolijevanja od raka pluća, a rano otkrivanje CT uređajem niske doze zračenja pridonosi smanjenju smrtnosti od ove bolesti. Zbog toga se pušačima i bivšim pušačima koji imaju povećani rizik nastanka raka pluća preporučuje sudjelovanje u programu za rano otkrivanje raka pluća uz prethodno informiranje o rizicima i koristima probira. U Hrvatskoj se u Nacionalni program za rano otkrivanje raka pluća uključuju osobe u dobi od 50 do 75 godina s pušačkim stažem od 30 pack/years koji su aktivni pušači ili su prestali pušiti unutar 15 godina. Uz uključivanje u program provodi se i savjetovanje za prestanak pušenja jer prestanak pušenja i dalje ima najveći utjecaj na smanjenje smrtnosti od raka pluća.

Abstract (english)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Croatia and in the world. The most important risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking, so smoking cessation is the most important prevention measure. In developed countries that are investing more in prevention methods and smoking cessation, an increasing number of lung cancers are occurring in non-smokers. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of other risk factors so that prevention programs target them as well. Continuous measures that promote the protection of workers from inhaling carcinogens in the workplace, maintaining clean air, healthy body weight, increased physical activity and a healthy diet are essential to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Prevention is the most effective measure for long-term reduction of lung cancer, and screening with low-dose CT is effective in reducing mortality rates. Therefore, smokers and ex-smokers who are at increased risk of developing lung cancer are encouraged to participate in an early detection program for lung cancer and should be informed about the risks and benefits of screening. In Croatia, the National Program for Early Detection of Lung Cancer includes people aged 50 to 75 with a smoking history of 30 pack-years who are active smokers or have stopped smoking within 15 years. In addition to joining the program, smoking cessation counseling is provided because smoking cessation still has the greatest impact on reducing lung cancer mortality.

• Keywords: rak pluća; prevencija; rano otkrivanje
• Keywords (english): lung cancer; prevention; early detection
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:458079
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-18 07:49:08