Kožne promjene uzrokovane nošenjem zaštitne opreme i sredstvima za dezinfekciju tijekom pandemije COVID-19

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Title (english): Skin changes caused by the use of personal protective equipment and disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Author: Mislav Mokos
• Author: Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Dermatology)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Dermatovenerology

Abstract (croatian)

Nošenje zaštitne opreme i higijena ruku pripadaju u temeljne mjere prevencije širenja pandemije COVID-19. Pritom su pojedina zanimanja, poglavito zdravstveni radnici, izložena dugotrajnom kontaktu sa zaštitnom opremom, što može rezultirati brojnim kožnim promjenama, bilo kao novonastale promjene na koži ili pogoršanje postojećih dermatoza. Okluzivni učinak zaštitnih maski, uz pritisak i trenje, može dovesti do suhoće kože lica i pojave odnosno pogoršanja postojeće acne vulgaris („maskne“). Učestalo pranje ruku sapunima, dezinficijensima i antisepticima može dovesti ne samo do suhoće kože ruku, nego i do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, pri čemu deterdženti i topla voda čine kombinaciju mehaničkih i kemijskih iritansa. Puder koji se nalazi unutar nekih rukavica također može imati iritativni učinak. Zaštitne maske, naočale i odijela zbog svojega okluzivnog učinka narušavaju zaštitnu kožnu barijeru, što također može dovesti do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa. Kontaktni alergijski dermatitis nešto se rjeđe javlja od kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, a predstavlja kasni tip preosjetljivosti na alergene koji se nalaze u zaštitnoj opremi (poglavito u maskama i rukavicama) te sredstvima za dezinfekciju. Rijetko se može javiti i kontaktna urtikarija kao posljedica korištenja zaštitne opreme, a najčešći je uzrok kontaktne urtikarije lateks koji se nalazi u zaštitnim rukavicama. Dugotrajno nošenje zaštitnih maski, naočala i štitnika za lice može dovesti i do mehaničkih oštećenja, od najblažih promjena kao što su crvenilo uz tragove na koži do mjehura, erozija i ulceracija. U ovom preglednom radu prikazani su rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja o kožnim promjenama uzrokovanim nošenjem zaštitne opreme i sredstvima za dezinfekciju tijekom pandemije COVID-19.

Abstract (english)

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and hand hygiene belong to essential preventive measures against the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several professions, particularly health care workers, are exposed to prolonged contact with PPE, which may result in numerous skin changes, including new skin lesions and aggravations of the pre-existing skin diseases. Occlusive effects of protective masks, together with pressure
and friction, may lead to the dryness of the facial skin and the appearance or flair-ups of preexisting acne (maskne). Frequent hand washing with soaps and detergents may result in both dryness of hands and irritant contact dermatitis since detergents and hot water represent the combination of mechanic and chemical irritants. Talcum powder in the gloves may have an additional irritative effect. Protective masks, goggles, and clothing impair the skin barrier due to their occlusive effect, leading to irritant contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis which occurs less frequently than irritant contact dermatitis, is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction provoked by allergens present in PPE (particularly in masks and gloves) and disinfectants. Contact urticaria is a rare consequence of PPE, and the most common cause of contact urticaria is latex in protective gloves. Prolonged use of protective masks, goggles and face shields may also lead to mechanical injuries to the skin, which range from the mildest forms, such as skin redness and linear marks, to blisters, erosions and ulcerations. The results of up-todate studies concerning skin changes caused by PPE are presented in this review article.

• Keywords (croatian): COVID-19 – prevencija; KONTAKTNI DERMATITIS – etiologija; KONTAKTNI ALERGIJSKI DERMATITIS – etiologija; IRITATIVNI DRMATITIS – etiologija; DERMATOZE LICA – etiologija; AKNE – etiologija; MASKE – neželjeni učinci; ZAŠTITNE RUKAVICE – neželjeni učinci; OSOBNA ZAŠTITNA OPREMA – neželjeni učinci; DEZINFICIJENSI – neželjeni učinci; ZDRAVSTVENI DJELATNICI
• Keywords (english): COVID-19 – prevention and control; DERMATITIS, CONTACT – etiology; DERMATITIS, ALLERGIC CONTACT – etiology; DERMATITIS, IRRITANT – etiology; FACIAL DERMATOSES – etiology; HAND DERMATOSES – etiology; ACNE VULGARIS – etiology; MASKS – adverse effects; GLOVES, PROTECTIVE – adverse effects; PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT – adverse effects; DISINFECTANTS – adverse effects; HEALTH PERSONNEL
• Language: croatian
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Liječnički vjesnik
• Numbering: vol. 144, no. 1-2, pp. 52-58
• p-ISSN: 0024-3477
• e-ISSN: 1849-2177
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.26800/LV-144-1-2-7
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:551343
• Publication: 2022
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/272016
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-05-23 08:26:37