Uzroci hospitalizacije tijekom prve godine nakon transplatacije bubrega

master's thesis

• Title (english): Causes of hospitalisation during the first year after kidney transplatation
• Author: Marija Dorotić
• Mentor: Bojana Maksimović (mentor)
• Committee member: Željka Pavlović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bojana Maksimović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

Transplantacija bubrega je metoda izbora nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije za većinu bolesnika
s kroničnom bubrežnom bolešću. Omogućuje bolju kvalitetu života i nisku smrtnost u odnosu
na bolesnike na dijalizi. Jednogodišnje preživljenje bolesnika nakon transplantacije bubrega
iznosi preko 90%. Komplikacije kao što su infekcije, odbacivanje presatka bubrega i kronična
disfunkcija presatka dovode do lošijih ishoda i hospitalizacija bolesnika. Osim što negativno
utječe na bolesnikovo fizičko i psihičko blagostanje, dokazana ja veća smrtnost u odnosu na
bolesnike bez hospitalizacije. Rano razdoblje nakon transplantacije bubrega povezano je s
rizikom od brojnih komplikacija koje zahtijevaju hospitalizaciju bolesnika nakon
transplantacije bubrega. Hipoteza istraživanja je da su u prvoj godini nakon transplantacije
bubrega najčešći uzrok hospitalizacije infekcije. Ciljevi istraživanja su utvrditi koje vrsta
infekcije je najčešću uzrok hospitalizacije, te utvrditi postojanje rizičnih čimbenika koji utječu
na učestalost infekcija u prvoj godini nakon transplantacije bubrega. Istraživanje je provedeno
u Zavodu za nefrologiju Kliničke bolnice Merkur na uzorku od 107 ispitanika. Provedena je
retrospektivna analiza dokumentacije i podataka Bolničkog informacijskog sustava. Dobivenim
rezultatima utvrđeno je da su najčešći uzrok hospitalizacija infekcije u 63,6% ispitanika, a
najčešći razlog za hospitalizaciju u prvoj godini nakon transplantacije bubrega su infekcije
mokraćnog sustava u 31,8% ispitanika. Statističkom obradom potencijalnih rizičnih čimbenika
utvrđeno je da su epizode odbacivanja presatka bubrega povezane s rizikom od nastanka
infekcija kao i infekcija mokraćnog sustava, te ženski spol za infekcije mokraćnog sustava.
Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu se upotrijebiti u pre-transplantacijskom probiru bolesnika s
visokim rizikom za nastanak infekcija, kao i u edukaciji i praćenju bolesnika nakon
transplantacije bubrega s ciljem prevencije, ranog dijagnosticiranja i liječenja infekcija što
može doprinijeti smanjenju broja hospitalizacija u prvoj godini nakon transplantacije bubrega.

Abstract (english)

Kidney transplantation is the best method of treatment for most patients with chronic kidney
disease. It provides a better quality of life and low mortality compared to dialysis patients. The
one-year survival of patients after kidney transplantation is over 90%. Complications such as
infections, kidney transplant rejection, and chronic renal failure lead to poor outcomes and
hospitalizations of patients. Hospitalizations are negatively affecting the patient's physical and
mental well-being and higher mortality has been proven compared to patients without
hospitalization. Early period after kidney transplantation is associated with risk of a number of
complications that require hospitalization of patients after kidney transplantation. The research
hypothesis is that in the first year after kidney transplantation, the most common cause of
hospitalization are infections. The objectives of the study are to determine which type of
infection is the most common cause of hospitalization, and to determine the existence of risk
factors that affect the frequency of infections in the first year after kidney transplantation. The
research was conducted in the Department of Nephrology of the Clinical Hospital Merkur on
a sample of 107 subjects. A retrospective analysis of the documentation and data of the Hospital
Information System was performed. The obtained results showed that the most common cause
of hospitalization are infections in 63.6% of subjects, and the most common cause that require
hospitalization in the first year after kidney transplantation are urinary tract infections in 31.8%
of subjects. Statistical analysis of potential risk factors found that episodes of kidney transplant
rejection were associated with the risk of infections as well as urinary tract infections, and
female gender for urinary tract infections. The results of this study can be used in pre-transplant
screening of patients at high risk for infections, as well as in education and monitoring of
patients after kidney transplantation with the aim of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment
of infections, which can reduce hospitalizations in the first year after kidney transplantation.

• Keywords: transplantacija bubrega; hospitalizacija; infekcija
• Keywords (english): kidney transplantation; hospitalization; infection
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:048748
• Study programme: Title: Studies in Nursing; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sestrinstva (magistar/magistra sestrinstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-06-17 11:25:29