Obstructive sleep apnea and multiple facets of a neuroinflammatory response: a narrative review

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Author: Valentina Gnoni
• Author: Katarina Ilić
• Author: Panagis Drakatos
• Author: Marija M. Petrinovic
• Author: Diana Cash
• Author: Joerg Steier
• Author: Mary J. Morrell
• Author: Zdravko Petanjek
• Author: Svjetlana Kalanj-Bognar
• Author: Ivana Rosenzweig
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Croatian Institiute for Brain Research)
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy)
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Anatomy
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Neuroscience
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Basic Medical Sciences; Medical Biochemistry

Abstract (english)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, highly prevalent, multi-system and sleep disorder, which may contribute to cognitive impairment and a variety of structural and neurophysiologic changes. The focus on OSA is warranted given its recognized links with major psychiatric and neurologic disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Some preliminary studies suggest a dual effect of the inflammatory response in OSA. Neuroinflammation may present with initial, potentially adaptive and homeostatic, and later, a more distinctly maladaptive, precipitating and perpetuating role.
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Objective: We here propose and argue in favour of the inflammatory process in the brain as a likely binding mechanism behind at least some effects that OSA may have on the brain and its function. Several OSA-triggered molecular and cellular events, that could lead to a neurodegenerative cascade, are similarly discussed.
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Methods: This perspective reviews the body of literature that investigates potential links between the inflammatory processes in the brain and the OSA. A special emphasis is placed on a potential role for neuroplastin, a novel transmembrane synaptic protein involved in the neuroplasticity and known to be differentially regulated in the OSA.
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Conclusions: The intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and other mechanistic correlates of OSA add to the evidence that neuroinflammation may be a key target for future therapeutic strategies in a number of comorbid disorders. The future studies will need to answer whether it is sleep fragmentation (SF) or intermittent hypoxia (IH) which may drive any such neuroinflammation.

• Keywords (english): TLR2; neuroinflammation; neuroplastin; obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); sleep
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Journal of Thoracic Disease
• Numbering: vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 564-574
• p-ISSN: 2072-1439
• e-ISSN: 2077-6624
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-21-1231
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:154653
• Publication: 2022-02
• Document URL: https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/61176/html
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-04 11:06:58