Rezistencija na antibiotike u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Antibiotics resistance in intensive care unit
• Author: Janko Niemčić
• Mentor: Daniela Bandić Pavlović (mentor)
• Committee member: Slobodan Mihaljević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dinko Tonković (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Daniela Bandić Pavlović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care in Surgical Specialities); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Anesthesiology and Reanimatology

Abstract

Rezistencija na antibiotike označava sposobnost bakterija da se odupru djelovanju antibiotika. Ona predstavlja moderni problem medicinske prakse, buduši da razvoj rezistencije može onesposobiti djelovanje antibiotika koji su terapija izbora za određene bakterije. U kritičnim slučajevima, one mogu razviti rezistenciju na praktički sve antibiotske lijekove, čime terapijske opcije postaju sve rjeđe i radikalnije. Unutar jedinica za intenzivnu skrb, rezistencija na antibiotike dobiva novu dimenziju jer su pacijenti unutar JIL izrazito podložni razvoju infekcija i rezistencije zbog samog stanja pacijenta i potrebnih terapijskih postupaka.
Rezistencija na antibiotike ima značajne posljedice za zdravstvo, uključujući duže boravke u bolnici, lošije zdravstvene ishode, potrebu za zahtjevnijim terapijskim opcijama, razvoj novih lijekova, te potencijalno i smrtne ishode kod značajno rezistentnih infekcija. Ističu se osobito rezistentne bakterije koje imaju sposobnost pobjeći djelovanju antibiotika i time dalje u prisustvu antibiotika dobivaju dostatan evolucijski pritisak s kojim razvijaju nove rezistencije na različite skupine antibiotika. Ovaj proces nije potpomognut činjenicom da bakterije mogu širiti rezistenciju među različitim vrstama, stvarajuši široki repertoar mehanizama rezistencije na različite antibiotike.
Kako bi se rezistencija mogla adekvatno ograničiti, potrebno je razumijevanje mehanizama rezistencije te metoda sanitacije unutar Jedinica intenzivnog liječenja, čime se širenje bakterija može suzbiti, te time spriječiti podloga za nastanak rezistencije.

Abstract (english)

Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to resist the action of antibiotics. It represents a modern problem of medical practice, since the development of resistance can disable the action of antibiotics that are the therapeutic choice for certain bacteria. In critical cases, they can develop resistance to practically all antibiotic drugs, making therapeutic options increasingly rare and radical. Within intensive care units, antibiotic resistance takes on a new dimension because patients in the ICU are extremely susceptible to the development of infections and resistance due to the patient's condition and the necessary therapeutic procedures.
Antibiotic resistance has significant consequences for healthcare, including longer hospital stays, worse health outcomes, the need for more demanding therapeutic options, new drug development, and potentially death in significantly resistant infections. Particularly resistant bacteria stand out, which have the ability to escape the action of antibiotics and thus, in the presence of antibiotics, receive sufficient evolutionary pressure with which to develop new resistances to different groups of antibiotics. This process is not aided by the fact that bacteria can spread resistance among different species, creating a wide repertoire of resistance mechanisms to different antibiotics.
In order to be able to adequately limit resistance, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of resistance and the methods of sanitation within the Intensive Care Units, by which the spread of bacteria can be suppressed, thus preventing the basis for emergence of resistance.

• Keywords: Jedinica intenzivnog lijeţenja; Infekcija; Rezistencija na antibiotike; Prevencija infekcija
• Keywords (english): Intensive care unit; Infection; Resistance to antibiotics; Prevention of infections
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:872431
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-01-26 08:33:39