Prednosti i nedostatci ketogene dijete kod profesionalnih sportaša

master's thesis

• Title (english): Advantages and disadvantages of a ketogenic diet in professional athletes
• Author: Sara Zadro
• Mentor: Milan Milošević (mentor)
• Committee member: Hana Brborović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ksenija Vitale (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Milošević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-05-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Public Health

Abstract

Ketogena dijeta (KD) je prehrana s visokim udjelom masti (55 – 65%), umjerenim udjelom proteina (30 – 35%) i vrlo niskim udjelom ugljikohidrata (5 – 10%). Mehanizam djelovanja KD uvelike je sličan aktu gladovanja, ali uz mogućnost održavanja primjerenog unosa esencijalnih makronutrijenata i mikronutrijenata. Pozitivni učinci ovakvog načina prehrane isprva su opisivani u liječenju epilepsije u djece, a dobro je opisan i povoljan učinak KD na gubitak tjelesne težine. Masno tkivo naizgled je neiscrpan, ali spor izvor energije na koji se tijelo oslanja u nedostatku ugljikohidrata. Adenozin trifosfat (ATP) nazivamo „energijskim novcem“, a on se u tijelu namiruje aerobnim i anaerobnim procesima, ovisno o trajanju i intenzitetu aktivnosti. Aerobni kapacitet sposobnost je obavljanja rada na duži vremenski period, a mjeri se maksimalnim primitkom kisika (VO2max). Anaerobni kapacitet predstavlja maksimalnu količinu ATP-a koji se oslobodi u kratkotrajnim aktivnostima visokog intenziteta. Pregledom dostupne literature izvodi se zaključak kako je KD povoljna u profesionalnim sportovima izdržljivosti srednjeg (VO2max = 45 – 64%), ali narušava performans visokog intenziteta (VO2max = 65 - 89%), dok u profesionalnim sportovima snage i eksplozivnosti ne daje značajne rezultate. Rezultati učinka na psihološki status su anegdotalni. Zapažen je značajan gubitak masnog tkiva, no mehanizam ostaje nejasan. Dostupna literatura oskudna je i provođena na malim uzorcima ispitanika što onemogućuje donošenje jasnih zaključaka.

Abstract (english)

Ketogenic diet (KD) is a diet with a high fat content (50 – 65%), moderate protein content (30 – 35%) and a very low carbohydrate content (5 – 10%). The mechanism of action of KD is very similar to the act of starvation, but with the possibility of maintaining an adequate intake of essential macronutrients and micronutrients. The positive effects of this diet were initially described in the treatment of epilepsy in children, and the beneficial effect of KD on weight loss has been well described. Adipose tissue is a seemingly inexhaustible but slow source of energy that the body relies on in the absence of carbohydrates. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is called "energy money", and it is satisfied in the body by aerobic and anaerobic processes, depending on the duration and intensity of an activity. Aerobic capacity is the ability to perform work for a long period of time, and is measured by maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Anaerobic capacity represents the maximum amount of ATP released in short-term high-intensity activities. A review of the available literature suggests that KD is favorable in professional endurance sports of medium intesnity, but impairs high intensity performance, while in professional strength and explosivness sports it does not yield significant results. The results of the effect on psychological status remain anecdotal. Significant adipose tissue loss was observed, but the mechanism remains unclear. The available literature is scarce and conducted on small samples of participants, which makes it impossible to draw clear conclusions.

• Keywords: ketogena dijeta; primitak kisika; mast; snaga; izdržljivost
• Keywords (english): ketogenic diet; oxygen uptake; fat; strength; endurance
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:837235
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-03-23 09:26:12