Utjecaj prehrane majke na epigenom djeteta

master's thesis

• Title (english): Influence of mother's diet on child's epigenome
• Author: Ivan Bagić
• Mentor: Maja Vlahović (mentor)
• Committee member: Floriana Jakuš (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Šerman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Vlahović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Biology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Medical Microbiology

Abstract

Različita istraživanja pokazuju čvrstu povezanost između kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti u odrasloj dobi, kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti i metabolički sindrom, i nepovoljnih uvjeta za vrijeme intrauterinog razvoja i ranog postnatalnog života. Uzrok tome može biti neuravnotežena majčina prehrana tijekom trudnoće i laktacije. Promjene fenotipa potomaka, koje traju kroz čitav život, sugeriraju da se radi o stabilnim promjenama transkripcije gena odgovornih za metaboličke procese i održavanje homeostaze. Epigenetička regulacija gena je mehanizam kojim se mijenja ekspresija gena, bez promjena u DNA sekvenci. Riječ „epigenetika“ doslovno znači iznad genetike. Epigenetičke modifikacije uključuju metilaciju DNA, modifikaciju histona i sustav nekodirajućih RNA molekula. Sve spomenute modifikacije zajednički djeluju kao jedinstveni sustav koji regulira ekspresiju gena. Kada jedan od ovih mehanizama zakaže, stvara se novi fenotip koji može biti temelj za razvoj patološkog stanja u organizmu. Ovaj rad pruža pregled rezultata istraživanja vezanih za utjecaj majčine prehrane na epigenetičke promjene fetalnog fenotipa.

Abstract (english)

According to different studies, there is a strong connection between adult chronic non-contagious diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome, and unfavorable conditions during intrauterine development and early postnatal life. This can be caused by the unbalanced maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation as well. Phenotypical offspring changes that can last the whole lifetime, suggest stable changes in the transcription of genes responsible for metabolic processes and homeostasis control. Mechanism which alters gene expression without altering DNA sequence, are termed epigenetic. The word ''epigenetics'' literally means on the top of the genetics. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications and small noncoding RNA molecules. All of the mentioned modifications mutually influence gene expression like a single system. When one of these mechanisms fails, a new phenotype is formed, and this new phenotype can represent the basis of the development of a pathological state in the organism. The following thesis summarizes the results of recent studies concerning the influence of maternal malnutrition upon epigenetic alternation of the foetal phenotype.

• Keywords: epigenetika; epigenetički mehanizmi; prehrana
• Keywords (english): epigenetics; epigenetic mechanisms; diet
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:077746
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-03-29 11:59:53