Suvremeni pristup liječenju melanoma

master's thesis

• Title (english): Modern approach to the treatment of melanoma
• Author: Petra Kovačević
• Mentor: Romana Čeović (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Bukvić Mokos (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Kostović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Romana Čeović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Dermatology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Dermatovenerology

Abstract

Melanom je zloćudni tumor podrijetlom od melanocita koji se ubraja među najzloćudnije tumore kože i sluznica. Zloćudnost ovog tumora očituje se u izrazitoj sklonosti ranom limfogenom i hematogenom metastaziranju. Incidencija melanoma u stalnom je porastu posljednjih desetljeća. Uglavnom se pojavljuje u osoba srednje životne dobi, češće u osoba fototipa 1 i 2. Sumnju na melanom moguće je postaviti kada se na koži nalazi pigmentirana lezija koja se mijenja tijekom vremena. Svakoj kožnoj leziji kod koje se primjeti promjena u boji, obliku, rubovima ili veličini treba posvetiti pozornost prema tzv. ABCDEFG pravilu. Kliničke značajke melanoma razlikuju se ovisno o anatomskoj lokalizaciji i tipu rasta lezije. Klinički se razlikuju četiri glavna tipa rasta melanoma: površinski šireći melanom, nodularni melanom, lentigo maligni melanom i akralni lentiginozni melanom. Dijagnoza melanoma postavlja se na temelju kliničkog i dermatoskopskog pregleda, a potvrđuje patohistološkom analizom bioptata pigmentirane lezije odstranjene u cijelosti. Ukoliko se dijagnosticira u ranoj fazi, melanom se u visokom postotku uspješno liječi kirurškom ekscizijom. Kod uznapredovalih stadija melanoma uz kemoterapiju i radioterapiju koriste se i brojni suvremeni načini liječenja, npr. ciljane terapije genetskih mutacija u melanomu i imunomodulatorna terapija. U bolesnika oboljelih od melanoma iznimno je važno provoditi redovite kontrolne kliničke preglede te pridržavati se svih oblika fotozaštite.

Abstract (english)

Melanoma is a malignant tumor derived from melanocytes. Malignancy of this tumor is evident in the strong tendency for lymphatic and hematogenous metastases.The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased in recent decades. It usually occurs in middle-aged, more often in people with phototype 1 and 2. The suspicion of melanoma arises when a pigmented lesion which varies in time appears on the skin. In every skin lesion that has changes in color, shape, borders or size, attention should be paid to the ABCDEFG rule. However, clinical features of melanoma vary depending on the localization and type of a lesion growth. Clinically there are four main types of melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma and acral lentiginous melanoma. Diagnosis of melanoma is based on clinical examination and dermoscopy. Namely, the confirmation of diagnosis is being done by histopathological analysis of biopsy of pigmented lesion. When diagnosed in early phase, melanoma is highly curable with a surgical excision. However, in advanced stages, except chemotherapy and radiotherapy, some modern methods of treatment are being used, for example targeted therapy of genetic mutations in melanoma and immunotherapy. In patients with melanoma it is extremely important to provide regular clinical check- ups, as well as comply with the rules of photoprotection.

• Keywords: melanom; dijagnoza; liječenje
• Keywords (english): melanoma; diagnosis; treatment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:144202
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-03-31 07:25:30