Izraženost vaskularnog endotelnog čimbenika rasta u normalnim posteljicama i posteljicama iz trudnoća sa zastojem u rastu

master's thesis

• Title (english): The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in normal placentas and placentas with growth restriction
• Author: Marina Predovan
• Mentor: Aida Salihagić-Kadić (mentor)
• Committee member: Đurđica Grbeša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ljiljana Šerman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aida Salihagić-Kadić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physiology and Immunology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pathophysiology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Posteljica je organ koji povezuje fetus i majku te ima ključnu ulogu u fetalnom rastu i razvoju prijenosom kisika i hranjivih tvari te uklanjanjem razgradnih i štetnih produkata. ----- Krvne žile posteljice se razvijaju tijekom cijele trudnoće vaskularizacijom te granajućom i negranajućom angiogenezom. Vaskulogeneza je proces stvaranja de novo krvnih žila iz mezenhimalnih stanica. Angiogeneza je proces neovaskularizacije iz već postojećih krvnih žila kao odgovor na hipoksiju, a zbiva se u embriju i u odrasloj dobi. U regulaciji vaskulogeneze i angiogeneze glavnu ulogu ima vaskularni endotelni čimbenik rasta (VEGF). VEGF je signalna molekula koja regulira mnoge funkcije endotelnih stanica, kao što su mitogeneza, vaskularni tonus, propusnost i proizvodnja vazoaktivnih molekula. Glavni regulator ekspresije VEGF-a je hipoksija putem hipoksijom inducibilnih faktora (HIF) te razni citokini i čimbenici rasta. Napredovanjem normalne trudnoće raste intervilozni p te se postepeno snižavaju razine slobodnog VEGF-a, a povisuju razine placentnog čimbenika rasta (PIGF). -----
Intrauterini zastoj u rastu (IUZR) je česta dijagnoza u opstetriciji te je uzrok značajnog perinatalnog mortaliteta i morbiditeta. IUZR podrazumijeva usporenje rasta fetusa čiji je potencijal za rast veći od izmjerenog. Izmjereni rast označuje normalne vrijednosti fetalnog rasta u određenoj populaciji. U Hrvatskoj se koristi granica od 10. centile za određenu gestacijsku dob. Ovisno o fazi rasta u kojoj nastupa zastoj IUZR može biti simetrični i asimetrični. Patofiziologija zastoja u rastu još nije potpuno razjašnjena, ali su definirana tri vrste hipoksije: preplacentna, uteroplacentna i postplacentna.
U IUZR-u nastalom zbog insuficijencije placente promijenjene su razine čimbenika rasta. Provedena su brojna istraživanja o ekspresiji vaskularnih endotelnih čimbenika rasta i njihovih receptora u posteljicama fetusa s IUZR-om koja su dala oprečne rezultate.

Abstract (english)

Placenta is the organ that connects fetus to the mother. It has a key role in fetal growth and development by transferring oxygen and nutrients, and by removing harmful products. -----
The blood vessels of the placenta develop throughout pregnancy through the processes of vascularization and branching and non-branching angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis is the process of creating blood vessels de novo from precursor mesenchymal cells. Angiogenesis is the process of neovascularization from existing blood vessels in response to hypoxia which occurs in the embryo and in adults. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a key role in the regulation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF is a signaling molecule that regulates many functions of endothelial cells, such as mitogenesis, vascular tone, permeability and production of vasoactive molecules. The regulator of VEGF expression is hypoxia by hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and various cytokines and growth factors. Along with the development of a normal pregnancy intervilous p increases gradually lowering the level of free VEGF, and increasing levels of PIGF.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common diagnosis in obstetrics and is a significant cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. IUGR implies reduced fetal growth, whose growth potential is greater than the measured. In Croatia limit of 10. percentile for a particular gestational age is used. Depending on the growth stage when growth restriction occurs, IUGR can be symmetrical and asymmetrical. Pathophysiology of growth retardation is not completely understood, but three types of hypoxia are defined: preplacental, uteroplacental and postplacental. -----
In IUGR, due to failure of the placenta, expression of growth factors is changed. Numerous studies of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptor in IUGR were conducted with conflicting results.

• Keywords: posteljica; angiogeneza; vaskulogeneza; ekspresija čimbenika rasta; vaskularni endotelni čimbenik rasta (VEGF); placentni čimbenik rasta (PIGF); intrauterini zastoj u rastu (IUZR)
• Keywords (english): placenta; angiogenesis; vasculogenesis; expression of growth factors; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); placental growth factor (PIGF); intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:742210
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Public note: Ključne riječi izradio administrator.
• Created on: 2016-03-31 09:49:47