Inzulinska rezistencija kod sindroma policističnih jajnika

master's thesis

• Title (english): Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome
• Author: Karlo Nežić
• Mentor: Hrvoje Vrčić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marina Šprem Goldštajn (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željko Duić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Vrčić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Gynecology and Obstetrics

Abstract

Sindrom policističnih jajnika je učestali endokrini poremećaj kod žena reproduktivne dobi, a njegova dijagnoza može varirati ovisno o kriterijima koje se koriste. Glavne karakteristike sindroma uključuju hiperandrogenizam, poremećaj ovulacije i prisustvo
policističnih jajnika. Inzulinska rezistencija također je česta pojava kod ovih žena. Prevalencija varira od 4% do 20% ovisno o regijama i dijagnostičkim kriterijima. Sindrom se može klasificirati u četiri fenotipa, ovisno o prisutnim karakteristikama. Postoje tri različita seta dijagnostičkih kriterija, pri čemu se Rotterdamski kriteriji najčešće primjenjuju i zahtijevaju prisutnost barem dvije od tri glavne karakteristike. Dijagnoza uključuje procjenu funkcije ovulacije putem praćenja menstrualnih ciklusa i mjerenja razine progesterona. Hiperandrogenizam se procjenjuje putem prisutnosti simptoma kao što su pojačani rast dlaka, akne i mjerenja razina androgena. Diferencijalna dijagnoza je važna kako bi se isključili drugi mogući uzroci sličnih simptoma. Inzulinska rezistencija je česta kod žena s sindromom policističnih jajnika i može uzrokovati metaboličke i reproduktivne probleme. Istraživanja sugeriraju da dodatak inozitola, kao što su mio-inozitol i D-kiro-inozitol, može poboljšati osjetljivost na inzulin kod ovih žena. Također, alfa-lipoična kiselina se istražuje zbog svog potencijala za poboljšanje osjetljivosti na inzulin i zaštite jetre. Prehrana s niskim glikemijskim indeksom može pomoći u kontroli glukoze i lipida u krvi te smanjenju tjelesne mase kod žena sa sindromom policističnih jajnika. Terapija može uključivati metformin, lijek koji poboljšava osjetljivost na inzulin i smanjuje proizvodnju glukoze u jetri. Kombinacija metformina, inozitola i/ili alfa-lipoične kiseline može biti učinkovita za dugoročno poboljšanje osjetljivosti na inzulin. Terapija treba biti prilagođena individualnim potrebama pacijentica kako bi se upravljalo inzulinskom rezistencijom i poboljšalo zdravlje reproduktivnog i metaboličkog sustava.

Abstract (english)

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, and its diagnosis can vary depending on the criteria used. The main characteristics of the syndrome include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Insulin resistance is also common in these women. The prevalence ranges from 4% to 20%, depending on geographical regions and diagnostic criteria. The syndrome can be classified into four phenotypes based on the observed characteristics. There are three different sets of diagnostic criteria, with the Rotterdam criteria being the most commonly used, requiring the presence of at least two out of three major characteristics. Diagnosis involves assessing ovulatory function by monitoring menstrual cycles and measuring progesterone levels. Hyperandrogenism is assessed through the presence of symptoms such as increased hair growth, acne, and the measurement of androgen levels. Differential diagnosis is important to exclude other possible causes of similar symptoms. Insulin resistance is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and can lead to metabolic and reproductive issues. Research suggests that the addition of inositols, such as myoinositol and D-chiro-inositol, may improve insulin sensitivity in these women. Additionally, alpha-lipoic acid is being investigated for its potential to improve insulin sensitivity and protect the liver. A low glycemic index diet can help control blood glucose and lipid levels and reduce body weight in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therapy may include metformin, a medication that improves insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose production in the liver. A combination of metformin, inositols, and/or alpha-lipoic acid may be effective for long-term improvement in insulin sensitivity. Therapy should be tailored to the individual needs of patients to manage insulin resistance and improve reproductive and metabolic health.

• Keywords: sindrom policističnih jajnika; inzulinska rezistencija; metformin; inozitol
• Keywords (english): polycystic ovary syndrome; insulin resistance; metformin; inositol
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:540686
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-27 10:06:19