Patofiziološki mehanizmi fotostarenja kože

master's thesis

• Title (english): Pathophysiological mechanisms of skin photoaging
• Author: Katarina Radas
• Mentor: Daška Štulhofer Buzina (mentor)
• Committee member: Zrinka Bukvić Mokos (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Romana Čeović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Daška Štulhofer Buzina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Dermatology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Dermatovenerology

Abstract

Fotostarenje kože oblik je ekstrinzičnog starenja kože i posljedica je kroničnog izlaganja sunčevom zračenju. Izloženost vanjskim čimbenicima, od kojih ključnu ulogu ima ultraljubičasto zračenje, ubrzava fiziološki proces starenja kože. U fotokemijskim reakcijama nastaju štetni fotoprodukti i reaktivne vrste kisika čije se djelovanje na stanične i molekularne mehanizme očituje strukturalnim i funkcionalnim promjenama u stanici i izvanstaničnom matriksu. Koža gubi čvrstoću i elastičnost zbog razgradnje strukturalnih komponenti izvanstaničnog matriksa, kolagena i elastina, te nakupljanja nefunkcionalnih proteina. Fotoostarjela kože je zadebljana, naborana i suha, a uočljive su razne pigmentacijske promjene i teleangiektazije. Kronično izlaganje ultraljubičastom zračenju povećava rizik za nastanak prekanceroza i malignih tumora zbog međudjelovanja ultraljubičastog zračenja s genetskim materijalom pri čemu nastaju mutacije u regijama gena za tumor supresorske proteine. Dijagnostika promjena uzrokovanih fotostarenjem oslanja se na fizikalni pregled, a nadopunjuje dermoskopijom u svrhu analize i diferenciranja pigmentnih promjena. Sve tvorbe sumnjivog izgleda dodatno je potrebno bioptirati i patohistološki analizirati. Pridržavanje mjera zaštite od sunca najbolja je metoda usporavanja fotostarenja kože. Terapijske opcije ublažavanja znakova starenja danas su mnogobrojne, a njihov odabir ovisi o stupnju oštećenja kože. Razlikujemo neinvazivnu, lokalnu terapiju retinoidima i dermokozmetikom, agresivniju metodu kemijskog pilinga i primjene dermalnih filera te invazivne kirurške metode poput dermoabrazije, primjene lasera i face-lift operativnog zahvata.

Abstract (english)

Photoaging is a form of extrinsic skin aging and a result of chronic exposure to solar radiation. Exposure to external factors, of which ultraviolet radiation plays a key role, accelerates the physiological process of skin aging. In photochemical reactions harmful photoproducts and reactive oxygen species are formed whose effect on cellular and molecular mechanisms is manifested by structural and functional changes in the cell and extracellular matrix. The skin loses firmness and elasticity due to the breakdown of the structural components of the extracellular matrix, collagen and elastin, and the accumulation of non-functional proteins. Photoaged skin is thickened, wrinkled and dry, and various pigmentation changes and telangiectasias are noticeable. Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions and malignant tumors due to the interaction of ultraviolet radiation with genetic material, causing mutations in the regions of genes for tumor suppressor proteins. Diagnostics of changes caused by photoaging relies on a physical examination, supplemented by dermoscopy for the purpose of analyzing and differentiating pigmentary changes. All formations of suspicious appearance need to be biopsied and pathohistologically analyzed. Adherence to sun protection measures is the best method of slowing down photoaging of the skin. Therapeutic options for reduction of the signs of aging are numerous today, and their selection depends on the degree of skin damage. We distinguish between non-invasive, local therapy with retinoids and dermocosmetics, a more aggressive method of chemical peeling and application of dermal fillers, and invasive surgical methods such as dermabrasion, laser application and face-lift surgery.

• Keywords: fotostarenje; ultraljubičasto zračenje; patofiziološki mehanizmi fotostarenja; reaktivne vrste kisika
• Keywords (english): photoaging; ultraviolet radiation; pathophysiological mechanisms of photoaging; reactive oxygen species
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:599399
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-30 11:30:10