Filarioze kod ljudi

master's thesis

• Title (english): Human filariasis
• Author: Dino Salopek
• Mentor: Mario Sviben (mentor)
• Committee member: Sunčanica Ljubin Sternak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Tešović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Sviben (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-09-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Medical Microbiology

Abstract

Infekcija filarijama često su zanemarene, no značajan su uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta u endemskim područjima. Vrste koje su odgovorne za najviše kliničkih slučajeva su Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus i Loa loa. Rasprostranjene su u tropskim i, suptropskim područjima. Za prijenos i puni životni ciklus potreban im je vektor koji uključuje više vrsta artropoda. Unutar ljudskog organizma infektivne ličinke razvijaju se u adulte. Odrasle ženke svakodnevno liježu tisuće mikrofilarija koje migriraju u krv i nastanjuju krvne žile. Klinički filarioza zahvaća potkožno tkivo te limfni sustav. Kronična infekcija može dovesti do limfedema koji najčešće zahvaća donje ekstremitete ili genitalije. Najpoznatiji klinički entitet kojeg uzrokuju jest elefantijaza. Onchocerca volvulus i Loa. loa također mogu zahvatiti i oko te infekcija može dovesti do znatnog narušenja oštrine vida ili sljepoće. Dijagnostika se bazira na mikroskopiji uzoraka krvi i dokazivanju prisustva mikrofilarija ili zrelih adulta u bioptičkom materijalu. U dijagnostici se mogu koristiti i serološki testovi, a testovi detekcije antigena su u razvoju. Infekcija filarijama može se liječiti s više vrsta antihelmintika, a najčešće se koristi dietilkarbamazin, ivermektin ili albendazol. Kontrola ovih infekcija provodi se kontrolom razmnožavanja i širenja vektora te godišnjom profilaktičkom primjenom lijekova u endemskim područjima.

Abstract (english)

Filariasis infections are often neglected, but they are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the endemic areas. The species responsible for most clinical cases are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa. They are widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. For transmission and a full life cycle, they need a vector that includes an arthropod. Inside the human organism, the infective larvae develop into adults. Female adults produce thousands of microfilariae every day that migrate into the blood and inhabit small capillaries. Clinical filariasis affects the subcutaneous tissue and the lymphatic system. Chronic infection leads to significant edema, which most often affects the lower extremities or genitals. The most well-known clinical entity that is caused by filarias is elephantiasis. Onchocerca volvulus and Loa loa also affect the eye, and the infection can lead to significant impairment of visual acuity or blindness. Diagnosis is based on microscopy of blood samples and proof of the presence of microfilariae or mature adults. Serological tests and circulating antigen tests are being developed, but currently they do not represent an adequate replacement for direct microscopy. Filariasis is treated with diethylcarbamazin, ivermectin or albendazole. Infection control is carried out by controlling the reproduction and spread of vectors and annual prophylactic use of drugs in endemic areas.

• Keywords: filarijaza; elefentijaza; mikrofilaremija
• Keywords (english): filariasis; elephantiasis; microfilaremia
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:071273
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-10-31 09:00:58