Ultrasound measurements of carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in HIV-infected patients on the Mediterranean diet

Scientific paper - Original scientific paper

• Author: Klaudija Višković
• Author: George W. Rutherford
• Author: Gabriel Sudario
• Author: Lorna Stemberger
• Author: Zoran Brnić
• Author: Josip Begovac
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences

Abstract (english)

AIM:

To evaluate the influence of food habits, specifically adherence to the Mediterranean diet, on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the presence of plaques in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and non-HIV-infected participants and to determine if HIV infection contributes independently to subclinical atherosclerosis. ----- METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 110 HIV-infected patients on ART and 131 non-HIV-infected participants at the University Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Zagreb, Croatia, from 2009-2011. CIMT measurement and determination of carotid plaque presence was detected by ultrasound. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 14-point food-item questionnaire. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by CIMT≥0.9 mm or ≥1 carotid plaque. ----- RESULTS:

In HIV-infected patients, subclinical atherosclerosis was associated with older age (Plt;0.001; Mann-Whitney test), higher body mass index (P=0.051; Mann-Whitney test), hypertension (Plt;0.001; χ(2) test), and a lower Mediterranean diet score (P=0.035; Mann-Whitney test), and in non-HIV-infected participants with older age (P lt; 0.001; Mann-Whitney test) and hypertension (P=0.006; χ(2) test). Multivariate analysis showed that decreased adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio [OR] 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-4.72, P=0.027) as was current smoking (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.28-6.40), hypertension (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.41-6.57), and male sex (OR 2.35, 95% CI 0.97-5.70). There was a significant interaction of age and HIV status, suggesting that older HIV-infected patients had higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis than controls (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.24-8.71, P=0.017 at the age of 60 years). ----- CONCLUSION:

We confirmed the association between lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet and increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and found that treated HIV infection was a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis in older individuals.

• Keywords (english): Adult; Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use; Atherosclerosis / diagnostic imaging; Atherosclerosis / etiology; Body Mass Index; Carotid Arteries / diagnostic imaging; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Carotid Stenosis / diagnostic imaging; Carotid Stenosis / etiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Mediterranean; Feeding Behavior; Female; HIV Infections / complications; HIV Infections / drug therapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tunica Intima / diagnostic imaging
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Original scientific paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Croatian Medical Journal
• Numbering: vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 330-8
• p-ISSN: 0353-9504
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2013.54.330
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:464739
• Publication: 2013-08
• Document URL: https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2013.54.330
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-03-27 19:52:56