Povezanost debljine i gastrointestinalnih hormona

master's thesis

• Title (english): Association of obesity and gastrointestinal hormones
• Author: Kristina Miljančić
• Mentor: Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak (mentor)
• Committee member: Milan Vrkljan (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasenka Markeljević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Internal Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2014-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Internal Medicine

Abstract

U posljednjih nekoliko godina zabilježen je nagli porast incidencije pretilosti i posljedično tome došlo je do porasta rizika razvoja pratećih komorbiditeta kao što su šećerna bolest, ishemička bolest srca, moždani udar i karcinom. Prema podacima iz WHO (World Health Organization) čak 35% odraslih ima prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu, a 11% svjetske populacije je pretilo. Razumijevanje fiziološkog procesa hranjenja i regulacije apetita važno je za razumijevanje poremećaja u regulaciji apetita koji dovode do pretilosti, što može dovesti do rješavanja ovog problema kroz razvoj terapije.
Regulacija apetita odvija se preko crijevno-moždane osi. Ta os povezuje gastrointestinalni (GI) trakt sa centrima za regulaciju apetita u mozgu preko endokrine i neuralne komponente. Neuralnu komponentu čine vlakna n.vagusa koji prenosi informacije do moždanog debla, a endokrinu komponentu čine hormoni izlučeni iz GI trakta koji prenose informacije do arcuatne jezgre (ARC) hipotalamusa. Hipotalamus ima ključna ulogu u integraciji informacija i regulaciji apetita. GI hormoni se izlučuju iz GI trakta kao odgovor na unesene nutrijente. Najvažniji hormoni u regulaciji apetita su GLP-1, PYY, PP i OXM koji djeluju na anoreksigene (oni koji smanjuju apetit) neurone ARC, te tako izazivaju osjećaj sitosti i posljedično dolazi do smanjenja apetita. Jedini oreksigeni hormon je grelin, on svojom stimulacijom oreksigene (oni koji povećavaju apetit) populacije neurona ARC hipotalamusa povećava apetit. Nove spoznaje o GI hormonima stvaraju mogućnost razvoja uspješna terapije pretilost koja može pomoći u gubitku težine zajedno sa životnim promjenama.

Abstract (english)

In recent years the incidence of obesity has become significantly greater and consequently there was an increase in the incidence of associated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke and cancer. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) as much as 35% of adults are overweight, and 11% of the world population is obese. Understanding of the physiological process of feeding and appetite regulation is important for understanding the regulation of appetite disorders leading to obesity, which can lead to solving this problem through the development of therapies.
The regulation of appetite occurs via gut-brain axis. The axis links the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with appetite regulation centers in the brain via the endocrine and neural components. Neural component consists of fiber vagus nerve that conveys information to the brainstem, and the endocrine component consists of hormones secreted from the GI tract that transmit information to the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus plays a key role in the integration of information and the regulation of appetite. GI hormones are secreted from the GI tract in response to the input of nutrients. The most important hormones in the regulation of appetite are GLP-1, PYY, PP and OXM which effect anorexigenic (those that reduce appetite) ARC neurons, and thus cause a feeling of satiety and, consequently, a decrease in appetite. The only orexigenic hormone is ghrelin, which stimulates orexigenic (those that increase appetite) population of ARC neurons of the hypothalamus and increases appetite. New insights on the GI hormones create the opportunity to develop a successful obesity treatment that can help in weight loss along with life's changes.

• Keywords: pretilost; regulacija apetita; GLP-1; OXM; PYY; grelin
• Keywords (english): obesity; appetit; regulation; GLP-1; OXM; PYY; Ghrelin
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:522510
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-10-05 13:34:30