Akutna mijeloična leukemija u djece

master's thesis

• Title (english): Acute myeloid leukemia in children
• Author: Tanja Kamenar
• Mentor: Josip Konja (mentor)
• Committee member: Ernest Bilić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Jelušić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Josip Konja (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Pediatrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-07-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics

Abstract

Akutna mijeloična leukemija je heterogena skupina malignih hematoloških bolesti koja je karakterizirana sa zamjenom normalne koštane srži s primitivnim hematopoetičkim stanicama. Neliječena rezultira sa smrti, obično kao posljedica krvarenja ili infekcije. Može se pojaviti u bilo kojoj dobi.
Znakovi i simptomi pedijatrijske AML se mogu podijeliti u one koji nastaju kao posljedica proliferacije i infiltacije abnormalnih leukemijskih stanica, one koji nastaju kao posljedica deficita normalne funkcije stanica te kontitucionalni simptomi. Postoji nekoliko vrsta akutne mijeloične leukemije. Bolest obično počinje neupadljivo, često u obliku nejasnog febrilnog stanja od kojeg se dijete ne oporavlja, nego ostaje blijedo i bez volje za igru
Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju anamneze i fizikalnog pregleda, krvnih testova, punkcije koštane srži, imunofenotipskih pretraga i citogenetskih pretraga.
Od prognostičkih čimbenika najvažniji su životna dob, broj leukocita, imunofenotip, kromosomske abnormalnosti, prisutnost, odnosno odsutnost bolesti u središnjem živčanom sustavu te odgovor na uvodnu terapiju.
Posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća, terapija akutne mijeloične leukemije je doživjela izvanredan napredak. Dugoročno preživljenje za pedijatrijske pacijente sa akutnom mijeloičnom leukemijom iznosi oko 60%. Akutna mijeloična leukemija je odgovorna za nekih 35% dječjih smrti od leukemija. Mortalitet je povezan sa rezistentnom progresivnom bolesti, relapsom ili toksičnosti zbog terapije.
Bolje poznavanje molekularnih mehanizama leukemogeneze te novija biološka terapija pružaju obećanje u daljem poboljšanju terapije u liječenju te djece.

Abstract (english)

Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous group of malignant hematological disease characterized by replacement of normal bone marrow with abnormal, primitive hematopoietic cells. If untreated, it results with death, usually from bleeding or infection. It can appear at any age.
Signs and symptoms of pediatric acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) can be divided into the: those due to the proliferation and infiltration of the abnormal leukemic cell population, those caused by a deficiency of normally functioning cells and constitutional symptoms. The disease usually begins insidiously, often in form of fever of unknown origin from which a child is not recovering, but rather remains pale and without will to play There are several types of acute myloid leukemia.
Diagnosis includes a medical history and physical examination, blood tests, puncture bone marrow, immunophenotypic search and cytogenetic search.
The most important are prognostic factors are age, presenting leukocyte count,immunophenotype, chromosomal abnormalities,presence or absence of disease in the central nervous system and response to initial therapy.
Over the past decades, the therapy of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia has
made remarkable progress. The long-term survival rate for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia is nearly 60%. Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 35% of childhood deaths from leukemia. Mortality is a consequence of resistant progressive disease, relapse or treatment-related toxicity.
Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis
and new biologically-targeted therapies offer the reasonable promise of further improvement of treatment outcome in these children.

• Keywords: Akutna mijeloična leukemija; djeca; dijagnoza; preživljenje; terapija
• Keywords (english): Acute myloid leukemia; children; diagnosis; survival rate; therapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:678330
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-24 13:44:44