| Abstract | Hitna stanja u porodništvu vodeći su uzrok mortaliteta i morbiditeta majke i djeteta. Cilj ovog
diplomskog rada je prikazati najčešća hitna stanja u porodništvu, njihove simptome s
naglaskom na postavljanje rane dijagnostike i ciljem poboljšanja ishoda liječenja. Hitna stanja
često ostaju neprepoznata što značajno ograničava terapijske mogućnosti. Kasnim
postavljanjem dijagnoze ili nepostavljanjem uopće, u opasnost se ne dovodi samo život majke,
već i život čeda. Novorođenčad kao najranjivija skupina teško podnosi i kompenzira stresna
stanja što pridonosi urgenciji. Hitna stanja koja će biti obrađena u ovome radu jesu: abrupcija
posteljice, predležeća posteljica, spektar urasle posteljice, atonija maternice, distocija ramena,
ruptura maternice, prolaps pupkovine, embolija plodovom vodom, preeklampsija, eklampsija,
poslijeporođajno krvarenje i puerperalne infekcije. Najčešći simptomi hitnih stanja jesu
krvarenje, bolovi u trbuhu, opće loše stanje i poremećaji svijesti. S obzirom na specifičnost
simptoma, dijagnoza se teško postavlja. Naglasak se stavlja na probir skupina pod rizikom i
ciljanu dijagnostiku. |
| Abstract (english) | Obstetric emergencies are the leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.
The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the most common emergency conditions in
obstetrics, their earliest symptoms, focusing on early diagnosis and improving treatment
outcomes. Emergency conditions often remain unrecognized, significantly limiting therapeutic
options. Delayed diagnosis or lack thereof not only endangers the mother's life but also that of
the child. Newborns, as the most vulnerable group, have difficulty tolerating and compensating
for stressful conditions, contributing to the urgency. The emergency conditions to be addressed
in this paper include: placental abruption, placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum, uterine
atony, shoulder dystocia, uterine rupture, umbilical cord prolapse, amniotic fluid embolism,
preeclampsia, eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal infections. The most common
symptoms of obstetric emergencies are bleeding, abdominal pain, general malaise and altered
consciousness. Symptoms are highly nonspecific, making diagnosis very challenging based
solely on symptoms. The emphasis is placed on targeting at-risk groups and conducting specific
additional tests. |
