Dijagnostika i etiologija iznenadnog zamjedbenog gubitka sluha

master's thesis

• Title (english): Diagnostics and etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
• Author: Lucija Kušević
• Mentor: Jakov Ajduk (mentor)
• Committee member: Andro Košec (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mihael Ries (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jakov Ajduk (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Othorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Otorhinolaryngology

Abstract

Iznenadni zamjedbeni gubitak sluha definiramo kao gubitak sluha veći od 30 dB na tri uzastopne frekvencije koji je nastao unutar 72 sata. Prema mjestu oštećenja slušnog puta, oštećenja sluha dijelimo na provodna i zamjedbena. Provodna oštećenja slušnog puta su najčešće uzrokovana patologijom zvukovoda ili srednjeg uha, a zamjedbena oštećenja su uzrokovana patologijom pužnice, slušnog živca ili središnjeg živčanog sustava.

Razinu oštećenja sluha u decibelima (dB) mjerimo tonskom audiometrijom koja je potrebna za potvrđivanje dijagnoze ove bolesti. Akumetrijski testovi kao što su pokus po Weberu i pokus po Rinneu mogu uputiti na zamjedbenu ili provodnu nagluhost pri inicijalnom kliničkom pregledu.

U slučaju otkrivanja uzroka iznenadne zamjedbene nagluhosti, riječ je o simptomatskom obliku bolesti. Međutim, u većini slučajeva uzrok nije moguće otkriti pa govorimo o idiopatskom obliku bolesti. Drugi uzroci iznenadnog zamjedbenog gubitka sluha mogu biti bolesti uha, infektivne bolesti, trauma, vaskularni uzroci, neoplazme, ototoksični lijekovi, autoimune i neurološke bolesti te razni poremećaji metabolizma. Gubitak sluha može biti praćena šumom, vrtoglavicom te osjećajem punoće ili začepljenosti uha.

Iznenadni zamjedbeni gubitak sluha je hitno stanje koje je potrebno što prije dijagnosticirati i započeti liječenje jer raniji početak liječenja povoljno utječe na prognozu bolesti.

Najčešći način liječenja je steroidna terapija koja se može dodatno kombinirati s liječenjem kisikom u hiperbaričnoj komori (HBOT). U slučaju otkrivanja etiologije gubitka sluha, ako je moguće, potrebno je provesti i uzročno liječenje.

Abstract (english)

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is defined as a hearing loss greater than 30 dB across three contiguous frequencies that occurred within 72 hours. The level of hearing impairment in decibels (dB) is measured by tone audiometry, that is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of this disease. According to the location of auditory pathway lesion, hearing impairment can be divided into conductive and sensorineural impairment. Conductive impairment is mostly caused by pathology of the ear canal or middle ear and sensorineural impairment is caused by pathology of the cochlea, auditory nerve or the rest of the auditory pathway to the auditory cortex.

In most cases, the cause of hearing loss cannot be found, so we are talking about idiopathic form of the disease. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss can be caused by pathology of the ear, infectious diseases, trauma, vascular causes, neoplasms, ototoxic drugs, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases and various metabolic disorders. If the cause of hearing loss is found, we are talking about symptomatic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing loss can be accompanied by tinnitus, dizziness and a feeling of fullness or blockage of the ear.

Sudden hearing loss is an otologic emergency that needs to be promptly diagnosed and treated, because earlier treatment has favourable effects on the prognosis of the disease. Steroids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are the most common therapy option. In the case of a symptomatic sensorineural hearing loss, the cause of hearing loss should also be treated, if possible.

• Keywords: audiometrija; dijagnostika oštećenja sluha; etiologija iznenadnog zamjedbenog gubitka sluha; iznenadni zamjedbeni gubitak sluha; sluh
• Keywords (english): audiometry; diagnosis of hearing impairment; etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss; sudden sensorineural hearing loss; hearing
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:840311
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-06-20 13:48:02