Kineziterapija u rehabilitaciji osoba s multiplom sklerozom

master's thesis

• Title (english): Kinesitherapy in the rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis
• Author: Filip Zekić
• Mentor: Nadica Laktašić Žerjavić (mentor)
• Committee member: Porin Perić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Bakula (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nadica Laktašić Žerjavić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Physical Medicine and General Rehabilitation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Abstract

Skup mišićnih vlakana inerviranih jednim motoneuronom nazivamo motoričkom jedinicom.
Glavni motorički put za voljne pokrete je kortikospinalni put. U prijenosu živčanih impulsa,
glavnu ulogu ima akson, a za njegovu zaštitu i brzi prijenos impulsa odgovornim se smatra
mijelin. Najpoznatija demijelinizacijska bolest je multipla skleroza, koja zahvaća središnji
živčani sustav, a smatra se rezultatom interakcije genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika. Relapsno
remitirajući oblik bolesti daleko je najčešći, a karakteriziran je epizodama akutnog pogoršanja
neurološke funkcije, odnosno relapsima. Bolesnicima koji boluju od multiple skleroze potrebna
je opsežna interdisciplinarna i multidisciplinarna suradnja zdravstvenih radnika, s obzirom na
heterogenost kliničke slike. Kineziterapija se definira kao liječenje pokretom. Postoje aktivne,
pasivne i potpomognute vježbe, a njihova se podjela temelji na samostalnosti osobe prilikom
izvođenja pokreta. U procesu rehabilitacije osoba s multiplom sklerozom, kineziterapija je u
svojem pristupu drukčija za svakog bolesnika. Razlikujemo vježbe odmaranja, opuštanja,
istezanja, jačanja, ravnoteže i agilnosti. Refleksna lokomocija i Bobathov pristup također su
široko primjenjivani u bolesnika s multiplom sklerozom, kao i vježbe stabilnosti jezgre te
dinamička neuromuskularna stabilizacija. Vježbe imaju velik doprinos povećanoj
funkcionalnosti bolesnika, kardiorespiratornoj sposobnosti i njihovom psihičkom zdravlju.
Potrebni su dodatni dokazi o učincima kineziterapije na multiplu sklerozu, kako bi se počela
sveobuhvatnije primjenjivati pri liječenju bolesti.

Abstract (english)

A set of muscle fibers innervated by one motoneuron is called a motor unit. The main motor
pathway for voluntary movements is the corticospinal pathway. In the transmission of nerve
impulses, the main role is played by the axon, and myelin is considered responsible for its
protection and rapid transmission of impulses. The most famous demyelinating disease is
multiple sclerosis, which affects the central nervous system, and is considered the result of the
interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The relapsing-remitting form of the disease is
by far the most common, and is characterized by episodes of acute worsening of neurological
function, i.e. relapses. Patients suffering from multiple sclerosis need extensive
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary cooperation of health workers, considering the
heterogeneity of the clinical picture. Kinesitherapy is defined as treatment with movement.
There are active, passive and assisted exercises, and their division is based on the independence
of the person when performing the movements. In the process of rehabilitation of people with
multiple sclerosis, kinesitherapy has a different approach for each patient. We distinguish
exercises for rest, relaxation, stretching, strengthening, balance and agility. Reflex locomotion
and the Bobath approach are also widely used in patients with multiple sclerosis, as are core
stability exercises and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization. Exercises have a great contribution
to the increased functionality of patients, their cardiorespiratory capacity and their
psychological health. Additional evidence is needed on the effects of kinesitherapy on multiple
sclerosis, so that it can be used more often in the treatment of the disease.

• Keywords: multipla skleroza; relaps; kineziterapija
• Keywords (english): multiple sclerosis; relaps; kinesitherapy
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:226608
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-06-28 11:30:18