Važnost cijepljenja protiv gripe i pneumokoka u oboljelih od kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti

master's thesis

• Title (english): The importance of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Author: Petra Husnjak
• Mentor: Ksenija Kranjčević (mentor)
• Committee member: Goranka Petriček (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Venija Cerovečki Nekić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ksenija Kranjčević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Medicine; (Department of Family Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Public Health and Health Care; Family Medicine

Abstract

Kronična opstruktivna plućna bolest je kronična bolest koja zahvaća donje dišne puteve i plućni parenhim, a uzrokovana je različitim patofiziološkim mehanizmima od kojih je dominantan mehanizam kronične upale. KOPB je unazad nekoliko desetljeća pri samom vrhu po morbiditetu i mortalitetu, kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. KOPB karakteriziraju simptomi izazvani opstrukcijom protoka zraka kao što su dispneja, kronični kašalj i produkcija sputuma, no pacijenti s KOPB-om se mogu prezentirati i s općim simptomima kao što su gubitak tjelesne mase, umor, anksioznost i depresija. Dijagnoza KOPB-a postavlja se na temelju kliničke slike, anamneze i nalaza spirometrije. S obzirom na to da KOPB zahvaća velik broj ljudi, važno je pronaći najbolji način liječenja te sprječavanja komplikacija i hospitalizacija kod takvih pacijenata. Važan aspekt liječenja KOPB-a je sprječavanje egzacerbacija koje su vodeći uzrok hospitalizacija, komplikacija i mortaliteta u pacijenata s KOPB-om. Egzacerbacije su nagla pogoršanja simptoma koja su potaknuta respiratornim infekcijama, zagađenim zrakom i ostalim iritansima. Od svih uzroka egzacerbacija, daleko najčešći uzrok su virusne i/ili bakterijske infekcije donjih dišnih puteva zbog čega je kao važna metoda prevencije egzacerbacija istaknuto cijepljenje, prvenstveno protiv gripe i pneumokoka. Cijepljenje protiv gripe i pneumokoka uvršteno je u sve, ili gotovo sve, smjernice za prevenciju i liječenje KOPB-a u svijetu.

Abstract (english)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic disease that affects the lower respiratory tract and lung parenchyma, and is caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms, of which the dominant mechanism is chronic inflammation. For several decades, COPD has been at the very top in terms of morbidity and mortality, both in the world, as well as in the Republic of Croatia. COPD is characterized by symptoms caused by airflow obstruction such as dyspnea, chronic cough and sputum production, but patients with COPD can also present with general symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, anxiety and depression. The diagnosis of COPD is established based on the clinical presentation, patient history and spirometry findings. Given that COPD affects a large number of people, it is important to find the best way to treat and prevent complications and hospitalizations in such patients. An important aspect of COPD treatment is the prevention of exacerbations, which are the leading cause of hospitalization, complications and mortality in patients with COPD. Exacerbations are sudden worsening of symptoms that are provoked by respiratory infections, polluted air and other irritants. Of all the causes of exacerbation, by far the most common cause are viral and/or bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract, which is why vaccination, primarily against influenza and pneumococcus, is highlighted as an important method of exacerbation prevention. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are included in all, or almost all, COPD prevention and treatment guidelines worldwide

• Keywords: KOPB; egzacerbacije KOPB-a; influenca; pneumokok; cjepiva
• Keywords (english): COPD; COPD exacerbations; influenza; pneumococcus; vaccines
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:105:038189
• Study programme: Title: Medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-06-29 08:24:28